chapters 9 and 10 nominations, campaigns, elections and voting
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Chapters 9 and 10Nominations, Campaigns, Elections and Voting
So, You Want to Run for POTUS?
Nomination First step is to
seek official endorsement of a party
Campaign against other candidates for the votes of convention delegates
Lets Get Ready to Rumble!
Compete for the votes of convention delegates The campaigning is on now!
Caucuses- first is in Iowa The first primary is normally New Hampshire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H_ki8UPd3M
Primary v. Caucus ElectionsCaucus Primary
Voting Method Voting is conducted at local party meetings and is done by raising hands or breaking up into groups.
An election is held/ secret ballot
Who Can Vote?
Only members registered with the political party can participate (if closed system)
Depends upon the state. Some states allow only registered party members to vote; some allow party registrations on the same day; some are completely open to all residents of the state.
States States that use the caucus system are Alaska, Colorado, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Nevada, North Dakota, Wyoming and Iowa
All other states
Congrats You’re the Nominee!
Each party will send the winning (primary/caucus) candidate to the general elections
Campaigns Regulations
Federal Election Campaign Act Created the Federal Election
Commission (FEC)
Limit influence of wealthy and special interest groups
Regulate spending in campaigns
Deter abuses by mandating public disclosure of campaign finances
Federal Election Campaign Act (1972-74)
Provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections Rules:
Candidates who raise $5,000 in at least 20 states can get individual contributions of up to $250 matched by the federal treasury
Each major party gets a fixed amount of money to cover all campaign expenses
Federal Election Campaign Act (1972-74)
Limited presidential campaign spending (Optional)
If candidates accept federal support, they agree to: Limit campaign expenditures
General Election Limit: $91.2 million
Overall Primary Limit: $45.6 million
Federal Election Campaign Act (1972-74)
Required disclosure Candidates must file
periodic reports with the FEC, listing who contributed and total spent
Campaigning Campaigns normally reinforce and activate, rarely
convert
Campaigning
Selective perception Process people only perceive what they
desire to and ignores other viewpoints
Campaigning Party identification
Split ticket and straight ticket voting
Campaigning
Incumbents Overwhelming
advantage in funding and name recognition
Over 90% of incumbents get re-elected in the US
https://www.opensecrets.org/overview/incumbs.php
Senate
Type of Candidate
Total Raised
Numberof Cands Avg Raised
Incumbent $352,187,503
29 $12,144,397
Challenger $168,573,106
138 $1,221,544
Open Seat $151,512,638
65 $2,330,964
Grand Total $672,273,247
232 $2,897,730
House
Type of Candidate
Total Raised
Numberof Cands Avg Raised
Incumbent $661,948,352
425 $1,557,526
Challenger $172,734,534
669 $258,198
Open Seat $205,157,975
348 $589,534
Grand Total $1,039,840,862
1,442 $721,110
Other Decisions
No constitutional provision provide elections for policy questions Referendum
Voters are given a chance to vote on an act proposed by the legislature
Initiative petition Requires signatures to show
support
Election History 1786-1820
Primaries, conventions, or speeches were nonexistent Little campaigning, it was considered below the dignity of the President
Elections focused on the state legislatures desires
Election History 1820-1950
Elections began to focus on issues
National nominating conventions became the norm Campaigning increased as a
result, spending began to increase
Election History 1950-1999
Campaigns become increasingly more elaborate More focus on “grass
roots” campaigning and addressing the needs of groups within mass society
Large amounts of money spent on media, travel… etc
Election History 2000
2000 Presidential election First, Gore announced as the
winner in Florida (polls weren’t closed yet, so FL recanted)
Hours later, nearly all results were in and Bush was declared the winner
As Gore prepared to concede, networks reported it was too close to call
Bush’s lead was less than 1/10th of 1%, FL law mandated an automatic recount
Election History 2000
FL Supreme Court ordered a by hand recount of 62,000 “undervotes” Votes undetected by machine
“Hanging chads” became an issue
US Supreme Court overrulled the decision and ended the election with Bush the winner
Bush declared winner with 537 votes more than Gore
2000 Presidential Election Map
Voting (Suffrage)
US gradually introduced universal suffrage for numerous reasons African Americans: 15th Amendment, 1870
Women: 19th Amendment, 1920
Native Americans: Indian Citizen Act, 1924
18 year-olds: 26th Amendment, 1971
Voting Registration
Some states allow voters to register on election day
1993 Motor Voter Act
Voting
By demographics Mandate theory of elections
Party identification
How we see the candidates
Policy voting
The Electoral College
Presidential election isn’t based on the popular vote
The founders wanted the nation’s elite to decide, created the electoral college Left the decision to the states to determine electors
The Electoral College
Each state has as many electoral votes as it has US senators and representatives Parties select these electors as rewards for faithful service
The Electoral College Electors vote as a bloc for the winner, regardless of the popular
vote State electors meet in December and mail their votes to the vice
president
The votes are counted when the new congress session opens in January
Why the Electoral College?
Since every state has 2 senators, less populated states are over-represented
The winner takes all rule encourages candidates to focus on competitive states
Group conversation on the 2000 election
Self Assessment
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