chapters 1 & 6 intro to graphics communication & technical drawing tools scales
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Chapters 1 & 6
Intro to Graphics Communication
& Technical
Drawing ToolsScales
A drawing acts as the reflection of the visual mind, on its surface we can probe, test, and develop the workings of our peculiar vision
Edward Hill
What is Graphics Communication?• Effective means of communicating technical
ideas and problem solutions
• 92% of design process is graphically based
• 8% divided btw math, written, and verbal communication
• 80% of our communication is verbal
Mechanical Engineers/ Civil Engineers/ Manufacturing Engineers/ Designers/ DraftersCreative people who use technical means to solve problems
– Design• Products
• Systems
• Devices
• Structures
– Concerned with practical aspects
– Planning and production
– Communicate by graphic sketching
– Analyze solutions by specifying production procedures
– Create technical drawings used to document the design
– Create 3D models for initial design development
– Produce final product of working 2D drawings
– Concurrent engineering leader• Develop product over time using 3D software
Designers…• Think about the many features of an object that cannot be
communicated with verbal description
• Take visual image in mind of engineer and create on paper or virtually on the screen using a solid modeling software.
History of graphics communication
PDM- Product data Management PLM- Product Lifecycle Management
http://www.3ds.com/index.php?id=5831
1500 AD Perspective using glass screen
Perspective Drawing 1568
3D Modeling Mid 1980’s
Paper Folding Instructions
Need one sheet of paper Rules:
•Do not look at others folding work.
•Person giving instructions can only repeat once and cannot explain
1.Fold paper in half2.Fold both outer corners into the center3.Fold paper in half again4.Rip 6 slits on the longest edge5.Rip a tip off of the left corner6.Rip two triangles out of the slanted edge7.Unfold the paper
Paper Folding Activity
Were the instructions confusing?
What would have made the instructions more clear?
How does this relate to the need for an effective means of
communication in design?
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4 Areas of Communication
• Spoken Language
• Writing using symbols
• Mathematics (Abstract symbol based)
• GraphicsWhat do these Mean?
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%+=-#
What is Technical Graphics then? Real and complete language used in design process for:
1.Visualization
2.Communication
3.DocumentationDrawings- Graphical representation of objects•Freehand sketch•Mechanical sketch-using tools (rulers, etc.)•Computer methods - CAD or other programs.
Visual Science- Study of the processes that produce images in the mindGeometry- foundation for technical graphics such as grammar is for language
Shapes are the building block for technical graphics
Plane Geometry
Solid Geometry
Descriptive Geometry - analysis of space distances and relationships using graphicsAnalytic Geometry – analysis of structures using algebraic operations and position coordinates
Conventions- commonly accepted practices, rules, or methods. (Dashed lines, center lines)
Standards- Set of rules that govern how technical drawings are represented
ANSI- American national standards institute
Current Standard?ANSI Y14.5M-2009 example with GD&T
Pick a partnerDescribe verbally to partner that sketches without looking at slide
(3 Minutes)
Sketching Techniques/ Tools
Media Types & Sizes
• Grid Paper• Vellum• Bond Roll
• Sheet sizes recommended by ANSIA 8 1/2 X 11
B 17 X 11
C 22 X 17
D 34 X 22
E 44 X 34
F 40 X 28
Scales
Scale Factors:
1:1=1:2=1:4=2:1=
1:10=
Mechanical Engineers Scale (Precision)1:10 or 1/10 = .1”
1:20 or 1/20 =.05”
1:30 or 1/30 = .033”
1:40 or 1/40 = .025”
1:50 or 1/50 = .02”
1:60 or 1/60 = .017”
MATH!!.x=
.xx=.xxx=
AB -10 scale =BC - 20 scale =CD – 30 scale =DE – 40 scale =EF – 50 scale =FG – 60 scale =
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