chapter vii sarva shiksha abhiyan: perception of...
Post on 20-Sep-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER VII
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN:
PERCEPTION OF PARENTS
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
154
CHAPTER VII
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN:
PERCEPTION OF PARENTS
Introduction
7.1 This chapter discusses the perceptions of the parents of children studying in primary
schools in the two blocks of Roorkee and Laksar in Haridwar District of Uttarakhand. This
follows the discussion of perceptions of the teachers on the SSA, the functions of the Primary
schools and the infrastructure available in them in the last chapter. The data from parents are on
the same lines as the teachers, but their perceptions are different.
Results and Discussion
Parents Perception of the SSA
7.2 Table 7.1 shows the distribution of parents interviewed for the study by blocks (Laksar
and Roorkee) and the regions (rural, urban). While 104 parents were interviewed from rural
areas, merely 34 parents were interviewed from urban areas. The study is thus heavily leaning on
the rural (69.3 per cent) rather than urban (30.7 per cent) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, for urban areas
generally are well endowed with educational infrastructures. But the distribution of parents is
equal in regard to the blocks, each having 50 per cent of the total samples: 75 each of the total
150 samples.
Table7.1: Parents Interviewed by Block and Region
S. No.
Region
# Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Rural 54 50 104 (69.3)
2 Urban 21 25 46 (30.7)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
155
7.3 As it was in the case of the teachers, parents interviewed in the district also came from
the two blocks, in equal number, at 75 from Roorkee and Laksar blocks of Haridwar district of
Uttarakhand. (Table 7.2).
Table 7.2: Parents Interviewed by Blocks
S. No. Blocks # Parents
1 Laksar 75 (50)
2 Roorkee 75 (50)
Total 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Plate No. 6 : Parents Sharing their views on SSA at Laksari in Dist. Haridwar
7.4 Table 7.3 is the distribution of parents interviewed in the district by gender. There were
80 males (53.3 per cent) with 39 males from Roorkee block and 41 from Laksar block. Similarly,
there were 70 females (46.7 per cent) with 36 from Roorkee block and 34 from Laksar block.
Overall however it is 75 parents each from the two blocks and 150 from the district.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
156
Table 7.3: Distribution of Parents by Gender
S. No. Sex of Parents # Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Male 39 41 80 (53.3)
2 Female
36
34 70 (46.7)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.5 The parents have been chosen such that they also, like the teachers, represent different age
groups, young to middle and old ages. It must be pointed out that the older parents, male or
female, are indeed community leaders who have been considered in the study. They may indeed
have some grand children in the primary school system but it is not known how many
grandparents of children in the primary school system have been included. Table 7.4 shows their
distribution by age groups. There is a small proportion of parents who represent the youngest age
group of less than 29 years (2.7 per cent), followed by 24 per cent of parents in the age group of
21-30 years, 58.7 per cent of parents in the age group of 31-40 years, 12.7 per cent in 41-50
years and just about 2 per cent of 51-60 years of age. Parents of middle age group is thus
represented by a large number and parents beyond this age group rarely have their own children
in the primary schools of the district and thus are people who represent the communities rather
than parents of the children at school.
Table 7.4: Distribution of Parents by Age Group
S.No. Age group # Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Less than 20 years 2 2 4 (2.7)
2 21-30 21 15 36 (24.0)
3 31-40 41 47 88 (58.7)
4 41-50 9 10 19 (12.7)
5 51-60 2 1 3 (2.0)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
157
7.6 The parents have been drawn from both joint and nuclear families (Table 7.5) and that the
parents belonging to nuclear families constitute the majority of 64.7 per cent and the rest (35.3
per cent) represent joint families. Joint families are a rule rather than an exception in the district
and the blocks considered fro study and as such the aged parents are grandparents of the children
at school as well.
Table 7.5: Distribution of Parents by Family Structure
S. No. Type of Family # Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Joint Family 27 26 53 (35.3)
2 Nuclear Family 48 49 97 (64.7)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.7 According to the data available to us from the parents, some families have as many as 6-8
children in the elementary schools. This segment of the parents constitutes 15 per cent of the
parents interviewed for the study. In fact a very small proportion (3.3 per cent) of the parents
send only 1 child to the primary school. As much as 36 per cent of the parents send 2-3 children
and 37.4 per cent send 4-5 children. It is clear from Table 7.6 that 20.7 per cent each of the
parents send 3 and 4 children to the primary schools, respectively. These two groups make up
this 41.4 per cent of the parents and individually also the highest proportion of parents
interviewed as well.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
158
Figure : 14 - Distribution of Parents by Family Structure
35.3
64.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Family structure
In p
erc
en
tag
e
Joint Family
Nuclear Family
Table7.6: Number of Children to Parents by Blocks
S. No. Children Group # Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 1 2 3 5 (3.3)
2 2 12 11 23 (15.3)
3 3 23 19 42 (20.7)
4 4 18 13 31 (20.7)
5 5 11 14 25 (16.7)
6 6 6 7 13 (8.7)
7 7 2 6 8 (5.3)
8 8 1 2 3 (2.0)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
• Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.8 Table7.7 is a distribution of children by gender. It is clear that there are children’s groups
1 from 6 + in both male and female children. The distribution is skewed. Most parents (84 per
cent) have 1-3 male children in the elementary schools and 74.7 per cent of the parents have 1-3
female children at the elementary school. Parents with more than 4 children, male or female, in
school are a minority, 16 per cent with male children and 25.3 per cent with female children.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
159
Table 7.7: Gender and Children in different blocks
S.
No.
Male
children
Group
# Parents Female
children
Group
# Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total Roorkee Laksar Total
1 1 3 12 28 (18.7) 1 15 5 40 (26.7)
2 2 14 14 59 (39.3) 2 20 20 50 (33.3)
3 3 32 27 39 (26.0) 3 26 24 22 (14.7)
4 4 22 17 7 (4.7) 4 11 11 14 (9.3)
5 5 2 5 2 (1.3) 5 2 12 4 (2.7)
6 6+ 2 0 15 (10.0) 6+ 1 3 20 (13.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100) Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.9 The total number of children by blocks is given in Table 7.8 and there are 280 children
from Roorkee block and 304 children from Laksar block. Of these 301 children are males
constituting 51.5 per cent and 285 are females constituting 48.5 per cent. All told, 584 children
are in the school from the families of the parents interviewed for the study.
Table 7.8: Total Number of Children in Blocks by Gender
# Children by Blocks
S.
No. Roorkee Laksar
1 280 304
2 Total Male children Total Female children
3 301 (51.5) 283 (48.5)
Total 584* (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
* This total number of children is not by blocks but by gender.
7.10 From the Table7.9, it is apparent not all children of the parents interviewed are in the
elementary schools, but only a total of 253 children, with 136 from Roorkee block and 117 from
Laksar block. The distribution shows children studying in various classes, with 39 in Class I, 63
in Class II, 53 in Class III, 52 in Class IV and 46 in Class V.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
160
Table 7.9: Parents of children studying in classes at primary level
S. No. Class # Children in Blocks
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 I 24 15 39
2 II 39 24 63
3 III 24 29 53
4 IV 28 24 52
5 V 21 25 46
Total 136 117 253
7.11 Table 7.10 shows the distribution of schools managed by Government in the blocks and
the study, as indicated earlier, has considered only the Government schools and not even
Government-aided schools for the study.
Table 7.10: Schools Managed by Different Organization by Blocks
S. No. Organization Number of School
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Government 75 75 150 (100.)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.12 As seen from Table 7.11, most children at school belong to Hindu religion (53.3 per cent)
while almost the rest belong to Muslim community (45.3 per cent) and a miniscule of the
proportion (1.3) account for Sikhs.
Table 7.11: Religion of Parents in Blocks
S. No. Religion # Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Hindu 36 44 80 (53.3)
2 Muslim 39 29 68 (45.3)
3 Sikh 0 2 2 (1.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
161
Figure : 15 - Religion of Parents in Blocks
4852
0
58.6
38.7
2.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Hindu Muslim Sikh
In p
erc
en
tag
e
Roorkee
Laksar
7.13 In Table 7.12 is the distribution of parents by the community and by blocks. While 88.7
per cent of the parents interviewed belong to backward communities, 23.3 per cent belong to
scheduled castes and 10 per cent to other communities. There is a slight variation between the
blocks in terms of backward classes children at schools, 51 from Roorkee block and 49 from
Laksar block. Likewise, the community-based distribution of parents is more or less similar
between the blocks.
Table 7.12: Distribution of community of Parents in Blocks
S. No. Community Number of parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Backward 51 49 100 (66.7)
2 Schedule Caste 17 18 35 (23.3)
3 Others 7 8 15 (10.0)
Total 75 75 150
(100)
Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
162
Figure: 16 - Distribution of community of Parents in Blocks
6865.3
22.7 24
9.3 10.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Roorkee Laksar
Number of parents
In p
erc
en
tag
e
Backward
Schedule Caste
Others
7.14 As for income, the parents interviewed may be classified as those with less than
Rs.1,000 per month (47.3 per cent), between Rs.1,000 and Rs.3,000 per month (42.7 per cent).
Parents with more than Rs.3,000 are small in proportions, between Rs.3,000 and Rs.6,000 it is
8.7 per cent and those with incomes between Rs.6,000 and Rs.10,000 are 1.3 per cent (Table
7.13). While less than Rs.1,000 as income is much represented in Laksar block, it is the income
between Rs.1,000 and Rs.3,000 in Roorkee block.
Table 7.13: Distribution of Parents by their Income by Blocks
S. No. Income Group (Rs) Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Less than 1000 29 42 71 (47.3)
2 1001-3000 40 24 64 (42.7)
3 3001-6000 5 8 13 (8.7)
4 6001-10,000 1 1 2 (1.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
163
Figure: 17 - Distribution of Parents by their Income by Blocks
38.7
53.3
6.7
1.3
56
32
10.7
1.3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Less than 1000
1001-3000
3001-6000
6001-10,000
Perc
en
tag
e
Income Group(Rupees)
Laksar
Roorkee
7.15 Table 7.14 presents data on the distribution of occupations of the parents and it
appears that farm labourers with children at school are a majority in both Roorkee block (28) and
Laksar block (44) constituting the largest proportion of parents with children at schools (48 per
cent). There are other communities as well.
Table 7.14 Distribution of parents by Occupation in Blocks
S. No. Type of occupation Number of parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Farmer with own land 0 9 9 (6.0)
2 Farmer without own land 0 1 1 (0.7)
3 Farm laborer 28 44 72 (48.0)
4 Housewife 17 8 25 (16.7)
5 Dairying 1 0 1 (0.7)
6 Employee (organized
sector) 2 0 2 (1.3)
7 Artisan 5 1 6 (4.0)
8 Trader 5 3 8 (5.3)
9 Others 17 9 26 (17.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
• Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
164
Figure: 18 - Distribution of Parents by Occupation in Haridwar District
6%1%
48%
17%
1%
1%
4%
5%
17%
Farmer with own land
Farmer without own land
Farm labourer
Housewife
Dairying
Employee (organized sector)
Artisan
Trader
Others
7.16 Farm owners or cultivators, traders and others are all represented. While other represent
17.3 per cent of the parents, housewives alone account for 16.7 per cent. Among the occupations,
other than farms are also represented among the parents. The educational attainment of the
parents, as shown in Table 7.15, indicates that a majority of 42.7 per cent are illiterates whereas
24.4 per cent are less than 5th
standards, 13.3 per cent with 6-8th
standards, 12 per cent between
8th
and 10th
standards and 6.0 per cent with 10th
to 12th
standards. Parents with higher education,
either Diploma or Degree and above, constitute just 2.7 per cent only.
Table 7.15: Distribution of Parents by Education in Blocks
S. No. Category Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Illiterate 28 36 64 (42.7)
2 Less than 5th
standard 24 11 35 (23.3)
3 6th
to 8th
standard 9 11 20 (13.3)
4 8th
to 10th
standard 7 11 18 (12.0)
5 10th
to 12 standard 5 4 9 (6.0)
6 Diploma/degree & above 2 2 4 (2.7)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
165
Figure: 19 - Distribution of Parents by Education in
Haridwar District
42.7
23.3
13.312
6
2.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Illiterate Less than 5th
standard
6th to 8th
standard
8th to 10th
standard
10th to 12
standard
Diploma/degree &
above
In p
erc
en
tag
e
7.17 More than 72 per cent of the parents are aware of the SSA in the district, with 65 parents
from Roorkee block and 44 parents from Laksar block. Nearly 27 per cent of the parents are not
aware of the SSA and thus a sizeable number is not in the know of things as to what is happening
in the schools. Table 7.16 also shows the reasons why parents send their children to the schools.
Access, mid day meals, good infrastructure, quality of education, awareness of promoting social
justice, local community participation are some of the very important reasons for joining their
wards in the schools. Free education is also an attraction for the parents to put their children at
school.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
166
Table 7.16: Parents with knowledge of the Government Initiative of SSA
S. No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
A Yes 65 44 109 (72.7)
No 10 31 41 (27.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
B If yes what are the factors responsible for sending children (6-14 years) to
school under SSA
Access 8 15 23
Mid-Day-Meal 16 26 49
Good Infrastructure in school 24 9 33
Quality of education 2 3 5
Awareness on promoting social
justice 0 2 0
Free Education 7 2 8
Local community Participation in
school activities 7 7 14
To give education to children 6 3 9
All the above 5 3 7
Total 65 44 109
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.18 As shown in Table 7.17, 96 per cent of the parents feel that their children do get access to
education in the schools under the SSA and only 4 per cent of them are not aware of the SSA in
the district. The reasons for not being aware of the SSA could be several as shown in the table.
Household works, the school is away from home, there is poverty in the household sending
children to schools are the major reasons for not being aware of the access to education under the
SSA.
7.19 Information in Table 7.18 suggests that all parents participating in the study have heard
about the Government initiative for the SSA in primary education and are aware of the mandate
of the programme in the district. The parents have also indicated in the survey that the SSA is
devoted primarily to give quality education (82.7 per cent) and for necessary infrastructures and
awareness on promoting social justice among the population served and local community
participation. Except for 16 of the parents who felt the programme is average only, most others
felt it is excellent (Roorkee 17, Laksar 19, and Total 36 parents), very good (25, 10 and 35 in the
same order as before) and good (28, 18 and 46 parents).
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
167
Table 7.17: Do Parents feel their children get access Education under SSA
S. No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
A Yes 75 69 144 (96.0)
No 0 6 6 (4.0)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
B If No, what are the reasons for children’s irregularity in attendance in school
Household works 0 3 3
Primary school is ways from home 0 1 1
Poverty 0 1 1
Poor environment of the school 0 1 1
Afraid of teachers harassment to children 0 0 0
Social and cultural restriction in the case
of women 0 0 0
Lack of bathrooms/toilets facilities 0 0 0
All the above 0 0 0
Not applicable 75 69 144
Total 75 75 150
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Table 7.18: Do Parents think that their children get quality education under SSA
S. No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
A Yes 70 54 124 (82.7)
No 5 21 26 (17.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
B If yes, how will you rank quality education according to your own
assessment in terms of ensuring reasonable learning outcome of the child
from school under the SSA
Excellent 17 19 36
Very good 25 10 35
Good 28 18 46
Average 0 7 7
Poor 0 0 0
Total 70 54 124
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
168
Figure: 20 - Parents perception of quality education under SSA in District
Haridwar
83%
17%
Yes
No
7.20 To a question whether or not the parents continue their children’s education until the end
of the primary education, 95.3 per cent of the parents answered in the affirmative while only 1.3
per cent of them said ‘no’ (Table 7.19) and the rest of them (3.3 per cent) have not reported on
the question at all.
Table 7.19; Whether parents continue their children and retention in school till
the end of the Primary Education
S. No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
A Yes 75 68 143 (95.3)
No 0 2 2 (1.3)
Not Reported 0 5 5 (3.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
B If yes, what are the reasons for promoting of child’s participation into total
enrolment and retention
To give excellent/quality education 6 24 30
Free education 17 6 23
Accessibility 17 12 29
Mid Day meal 37 17 54
Infrastructure facility 8 0 8
Good education 9 2 11
Good /trained teaching 2 2 4
Available of Free text books 6 19 25
Scholarship 0 1 1
Total 75 68 143 * Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
169
7.21 The parents give the reasons for promoting the children’s participation in the SSA as to
give excellent and quality education (6, 24 and 30 parents, for Roorkee, Laksar and the total
respectively), free education (17, 6 and 23 parents), access (17, 12 and 29 parents), mid day meal
(37, 17 and 54 parents), free textbooks (6, 19 and 25 parents) and so on.
7.22 Table 7.20 shows the distribution of parents feeling that the financial resources under the
SSA inadequate. It appears that 53.3 per cent of the parents (36 from Roorkee block and 44 from
Laksar block) feel it is inadequate while the rest of them (39, 31 parents or 46.7 per cent) it is not
inadequate.
Table 7.20: Do Parents feel that financial resources under SSA is inadequate
S. No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Yes 36 44 80 (53.3)
2 No 39 31 70 (46.7)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.23 The parents expressed satisfaction over the learning achievements of their children (Table
7.21) in the words given below: excellent 36 per cent, very good 20.7 per cent, good 22 per cent,
average 12.7 per cent and only 8.7 per cent of the parents have ever said it is bad.
Table 7.21: How will parents assess children’s learning achievement in primary
school under SSA
S. No. Assessment Number of parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Excellent 26 28 54 (36.0)
2 Very good 16 15 31 (20.7)
3 Good 20 13 33 (22.0)
4 Average 10 9 19 (12.7)
5 Bad 3 10 13 (8.7)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
170
Figure: 21 - How will parents assess children's learning
achievement in Primary School under SSA
36
20.722
12.7
8.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Excellent Very good Good Average Bad
Assessment
in p
erc
en
tag
e
Series1
7.24 In Table 7.22, there is evidence provided by the parents of the children covered under the
SSA in the district that the children have attained different learning achievements, namely,
reading (7 Roorkee, 10 Laksar and 17 total), arithmetic (3, 4 and 7 parents, respectively), writing
(6, 12 and 18 parents) and language proficiency (36, 20 and 56 parents). Other reasons for
learning achievement of the children are awareness and socializing.
Table 7.22: Parents indicates observation on attainment of components of
children’s learning achievement
Sl. No Observation of parents Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Reading 7 10 17 (11.3)
2 Arithmetic 3 4 7 (4.67)
3 Writing 6 12 18(12)
4 Language Proficiency 36 20 56(37.33)
5 Awareness 5 8 13(8.67)
6 Socializing 0 4 4(2.67)
7 All the above 22 19 41(27.3)
8 None 0 7 7(4.67)
Total 75 75 150(100) * Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
171
7.25 Although the parents say that these are indeed the reasons for their children’s learning
achievements, it is very difficult to relate them to reality, for reality is something else. But to a
question whether the parents think that primary education under SSA is bridging gender and
social equality, the answer is ‘yes’ for 93.3 per cent and ‘no’ for 6.7 per cent (Table 7.23). For a
large number of parents (44 or nearly 30 per cent of them: 17 for Roorkee and 27 for Laksar),
congeniality to girls’ education exist and socioeconomic environment around the schools are fine
enough (15, 23 and 39 parents). Good infrastructure and quality education is shown as the reason
by 27 parents, mainly, 18 from Roorkee and 9 from Laksar blocks.
Table 7.23: Whether parents think that primary education under SSA bridging
gender and social equality
S.
No. Yes/No
Number of parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
A Yes 75 65 140 (93.3)
No 0 10 10 (6.7)
Total 75 75 150(100)
B If yes, what are the reasons for reducing gender and social gaps in education
Congeniality to girls education 17 27 44
Socio-economic environment around
the school 15 23 39
Encouragement from local community 2 7 9
Due to good infrastructure facilities
and quality education 18 9 27
Others 0 0 0
All the above 32 16 48
None 0 3 3
Total 75 75 140**
*Values in the parenthesis are percentages
** Total will not tally as many respondents replied multiple answers
7.26 Only 48.7 per cent of the parents indicate that there is rampant teacher absenteeism in the
district while a majority feels no such event. It must be important here to remember what the
teachers themselves have said about this aspect. Given that it may be construed that the parents
are not aware of the critical situation in the district (Table 7.24). This is an important reason to be
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
172
taken into account while addressing the problem of the SSA in the district and improving it for
the benefit of the people.
Table 7.24: Do parents find that there is high level of teacher absenteeism
S. No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Yes 32 41 73 (48.7)
2 No 43 34 77 (51.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Figure: 22 - Parents views on teacher absenteeism in Haridwar District
Yes
49%No
51%
7.27 Given the absenteeism that is rampant, what do the parents think about the number of
teachers at the schools and their adequacy. Only 40.7 per cent of the parents think they are
adequate while 59.3 per cent do not. Table 7.25 implies that the inadequacy is affecting the
working of the SSA in the district and that something needs to be done in the district to improve
the situation and spearheading movement for better education.
Table 7.25: Parents Opinion regarding number of teachers in the school
Sl No Adequate/inadequate Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Adequate 30 31 61 (40.7)
2 Inadequate 45 44 89 (59.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
173
Figure: 23 - Parents opinion on number of teachers in the school in Haridwar District
Adequate
41%
Inadequate
59%
7.28 Precisely for the reason that the SSA must succeed the Government has set up Mother-
Teacher-Motivator groups in the communities where the SSA is being implemented and the
Table 7.26 shows that only 39.3 per cent of the parents are in the know of the group while 59.3
per cent of them are not. Those who are in the know of the group say that they are very good to
average and some of them even say they are bad in their performances.
7.29 Yet the parents are in the majority in suggesting that the community based monitoring
with full transparency operates to the benefit of the SSA. As much as 92 per cent of the parents
say the monitoring is on while a negligibly small proportion of them the monitoring does not
exist (Table 7.27).
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
174
Table 7.26: Whether parents know about Mother-Teacher-Motivator Groups
(MAMTA) formed for covering out of school girls in the vicinity
S. No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
A Yes 35 24 59 (39.3)
No 49 50 89 (59.3)
Not Reported 1 1 2 (1.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
B If yes, how will the parents assess the functioning of the Mother Teacher
motivator Groups (MAMTA)
Excellent 1 0 1
Very good 10 9 19
Good 16 10 26
Average 5 3 8
Bad 3 2 5
Total 35 24 59 * Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Plate No.7 Parents’ Assessment on SSA
Table 7.27: Whether schools undergo community based monitoring with full
transparency
S.No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Yes 71 67 138 (92.0)
2 No 4 8 12 (8.0)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
175
Table 7.28: How parents assess role of community ownership of school based
intervention through active involvement
S. No. Role of community Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Excellent 4 3 7 (4.7)
2 Very good 21 32 53 (35.3)
3 Good 33 24 57 (38.0)
4 Average 10 11 21 (14.0)
5 Bad 7 5 12 (8.0)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Figure: 24 - Role of community ownership in school based
intervewntion through active involvement under SSA in Haridwar
District
4.7
38
14
8
35.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Excellent Very good Good Average Bad
Parents assessment
In p
erc
en
tag
e
Series1
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
176
7.30 In assessing the role of community in the SSA, the parents have rated it as excellent (4.7
per cent), very good (35.3 per cent), good (38 per cent), average (14 per cent) and bad (8 per
cent). Looking at the table below one even gets the idea whether or not the parents know what
they are rating. In fact, they are rating themselves as they are the concerned community (Table
7.28). There is, it is suspected, an element of suspicion about the answers such as these, in the
foregoing paragraphs.
Plate No.8 Views of parents of Raisi Village School in Laksar Block, Dist. Haridwar
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
177
Table 7.29: Details of organization related to Primary Schools in blocks
S.
No. Yes/No
Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
A Is there Parents Teachers Association
Yes 0 2 2 (1.3)
No 75 73
148
(98.7)
Total 75 75
150
(100)
B Is there School Management Committee
Yes 64 73
137
(91.3)
No 11 2
13
(8.7)
Total 75 75
150
(100)
C Is there Village Education Committee
Yes 45 48
57
(38.0)
No 30 27
93
(62.0)
Total 75 75
150
(100)
D If yes, in any of the above three cases: what are the most effective strategy
adopted by the local community for the improvement of delivery system of
primary education
Panchayat/community ownership 25 35 60
Institutional capacity building 9 4 13
Panchayat/community based monitoring will
full transparency 16 30 46
Accountability to community 5 3 8
Priority to education of girls and other
disadvantaged groups 9 12 21
Thrust on quality 2 4 6
All the above 10 13 23
None 3 4 7 * Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.31 And 38 per cent of the parents against 62 per cent of them indicate to the existence and
operation of a Village Education Committee. And as for the strategies adopted for the betterment
of elementary education (SSA), community ownership gets the approval of 60 parents (40 per
cent), whereas community based monitoring with full transparency gets the approval from 46
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
178
parents (a little more than 30 per cent) but priority for education of girls get approval only from
21 parents and accountability to community only from 8 parents.
7.32 From the Table 7.30 we get some perspectives on the conditions of classrooms in the
schools. The buildings are in good conditions, that is, without requiring any repairs, in the
opinion of 79.3 per cent of the parents. On the other hand, 14 per cent of the parents are of the
view that the conditions of the buildings are only average, needing minor repairs and
replacement of windows and walls.
Table 7.30: Conditions of classrooms (Used for Instrumental
Purposes/School building)
S. No. Conditions Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Good (Building which does not require
any repairs) 59 60
119
(79.3)
2
Average (Need minor repair mainly
patch work or plastering of the floor or
roof or in walls or replacement of
broken door or window)
10 11 21
(14.0)
3
Bad (Need major repairs-including
reconstruction or structural changes of a
wall or a roof)
6 4 10
(6.7)
Total 75 75 150
(100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.33 As much as 94.6 per cent of the parents report that the school where their wards are
studying have hand pumps for drinking water purposes. One parent each indicates that there is
tap water as well as other sources of drinking water for the children at schools (Table7.31).
However, 4 per cent of the parents also report that there are no water sources in the schools of
their wards. There is however no information as to the cleanliness of the hand pump site and the
disposal of wastewater from the source.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
179
Figure: 25 - Condition of Classrooms
79.3
14
6.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Perception of parents
In p
erc
en
tag
e
Plate No. 9. A portion of dilapidated condition of a School in Haridwar District.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
180
Table 7.31: Availability of drinking water facilities in schools by Block wise
S. No. Sources of drinking water facility Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Hand Pump 74 68 142 (94.6)
2 Tap water 0 1 1 (0.7)
3 Other sources 1 0 1(0.7)
4 None 0 6 6 (4.0)
Total 75 75 150 (100) * Values in the parenthesis are percentages
94.6
0.70.
7 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
In p
erc
en
tag
e
Hand Pump Tap w ater Other sources None
Sources of drinking water
Figure: 26 - Availability of drinking water facilities in
schools in Haridwar District
7.34 As per the information available from the parents (in Table 7.32) there are common
toilets for boys and girls in their wards’ schools for 10 per cent of the parents, and there are
separate toilets for girls in the schools for 84.7 per cent of the parents and the schools with no
toilets is in the proportion of 5.3 per cent.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
181
Table 7.32: The toilet facilities in schools by Block wise
S.No. Facilities Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Common toilets for boys and girls 1 14 15 (10.0)
2 Separate toilets for girls 74 53 127 (84.7)
3 None 0 8 8 (5.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
• Values in the parenthesis are percentages
10
84.7
5.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
In p
erc
en
tag
e
Com
mon
toile
ts
Sep
arat
e to
ilets
for g
irls
Non
e
Facilities
Figure: 27 - Toilet facilities in Schools in Haridwar District
7.35 In Table 7.33, there is information on the facilities available in the schools. Only 18
parents indicate that there are desks for the children to write on. And 136 parents are aware of
the cloth strips for seating in the schools of their wards. About 99 per cent of the parents are
aware of the blackboards available in the classrooms in the schools as well.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
182
Table 7.33: Furniture available in schools for children
S. No. Facilities Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Desk 3 15 18
2 Wooden plank 0 1 1
3 Cloth strips 62 74 136
4 Un tiled floors 3 0 3
5 Black Board 81 66 147
Total 75 75 150
Table 7.34: Is computer education available in the schools by Block wise
S.No Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Yes 7 10 17 (11.3)
2 No 68 65 133 (88.7)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.36 Table No. 7.34 shows that Computer facility is available only in the schools of the wards
of 11.3 per cent of the parents. A majority of 88.7 per cent of the parents says that the schools do
not have any computer facility, which is very true.
7.37 Table 7.35 shows that there is supply of teaching-learning materials to primary school
children under the SSA and the parents rate them as adequate (41 parents or just about 27 per
cent), inadequate (about 7 per cent), timely (80 per cent) and not on time (3 per cent).
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
183
Table 7.35: The Status of supply of Teaching –Learning materials to Primary
school children under SSA
S. No. Status Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Adequate 16 25 41 ( 27)
2 Inadequate 0 10 10 ( 7)
3 Timely 59 36 95 (63)
4 Not on time 0 4 4 (3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
Table 7.36: Type of school building by Blocks
S. No. Type Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Pucca 75 67 142 (94.7)
2 Partly pucca 0 3 3 (2.0)
3 Kuccha 0 5 5 (3.3)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.38 Table 7.36 shows that according to 95% of parents revealed the type of buildings in the
Blocks of primary school under the SSA are Pucca (142 parents), and only 3% parents revealed
that Kuccha buildings which are factually correct.
Table 7.37: Ramp for disabled children (according to parents)
S.No. Yes/No Number of Parents
Roorkee Laksar Total
1 Yes 64 35 99 (66.0)
2 No 11 40 51 (34.0)
Total 75 75 150 (100)
* Values in the parenthesis are percentages
7.39 As per the information available from the parents (in Table 7.37) there are 66 percent
parents expressed their views ramp facilities are available for disabled children in their wards’
schools and only 34 percent of the parents revealed that they do not have such facilities for
disabled children.
Chapter VII SSA: Perceptions of Parents
184
Summary
7.40 This chapter has presented the results of analysis of the data gathered from the parents of
the children who are covered in the SSA in the district. Overall, the SSA is not validated as
something very positively poised for there are quite a few problems that are surmountable but are
not given importance. On most counts of the programme attracting children to enroll and stay on,
the programme in the district has not fared very well. The information we have gathered in the
study clearly indicates to an inadequacy of the programme and the weaknesses of it in the district
as learned from the two select block of study. The school system is not very strong and the
threats are that there is lack of comfort for the children to study, lack of infrastructures such as
sanitary and water supply and even lack of ownership of the programme by the community. This
means that the programme has to be improved tremendously and with greater inputs than are at
the disposal of the district right now.
7.41 In the next chapter, how both by the teachers and the parents are perceiving the common
parameters of sociological aspect of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan considering the importance of the
study.
top related