chapter 9 section 2 the roman republic pages 426 - 434
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Chapter 9 Section 2The Roman RepublicPages 426 - 434
Section Goals
• discuss the factors that helped shaped the development of the Roman republic & a system of laws
• Describe how Rome destroyed Carthage & took control of the Mediterranean region
The Roman Republic• 1) What is a
patrician?• Wealthy landowners• Made of most of Rome’s
ruling class
The Roman Republic• 2) What is a
plebeian?• artisans, shopkeepers
& owners of small farms
• Plebeians were the majority of Rome’s population
The Roman Republic• 3) How was Rome’s
gov’t a tripartite?• A 3 part gov’t
– 1 group ran the gov’t– 1 group made the laws– 1 group acted as judges
• Checks & balances kept one group from getting too strong
The Roman Republic• 4) Who were the
consuls?• the top gov’t officials• 2 consuls were chosen
every year – always were patricians
• Had really short terms so they didn’t abuse their power
The Roman Republic• 5) What was a
praetor?• Important Roman
officials• Their core task was to
interpret the law & act as judges in court cases
The Roman Republic• 6) What was Rome’s
most important legislative body?
• the Senate• A select group of 300
patricians who served for life
• Senate proposed laws, held debates & approved building programs
The Roman Republic• 7) What happened to
the plebeians in 494 B.C.?
• Plebeians felt that patricians had too much power
• They went on strike – refused to serve in army & left the city to set up their own republic
• The patricians were concerned & allowed plebeians representation in the gov’t
The Roman Republic• 8) What was the
most far-reaching political reform in Rome?
• In 287 B.C. the Council of Plebs was finally allowed to pass laws for all Romans
• This was important because it gave all male citizens equal standing
The Roman Republic• 9) What is a
dictator? • A Roman dictator had
complete control over the gov’t but they only ruled for a temporary time during emergencies
• As soon as the danger had past, Roman dictator would give up their post
The Roman Republic• 10 ) Who was
Cincinnatus?• Best known early Roman
dictator• Became dictator in 460
B.C. when Rome was facing a powerful enemy.
• Cincinnatus left his farm, gathered an army & quickly defeated the enemy
• Then he gave up his dictatorship & returned to his farm
• Many people admired Cincinnatus for his actions
The Roman Republic• 11) What are the
Twelve Tables?• Rome’s first code of laws• The 12 Tables became
the basis for all future Roman laws
• The 12 Tables said that all free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system
• The rule of law is the key ideas that we get from the Romans & remains the basis of our legal system
The Roman Republic• 12) Where was
Carthage?• Carthage was the largest
& riches city in Northern Africa on the coast
• It had been founded by the Phoenicians in 800 B.C.
• Carthage ruled a huge trading empire & controlled the spread of goods in Southern Europe & Northern Africa
The Roman Republic• 13) What was the
First Punic War?
• Both Rome & Carthage waned to control the island of Sicily & war broke out in 264 B.C.
• Rome sent an army to protect Sicily which made Carthage very mad
• Rome had to build a navy to confront Carthage at sea
• The war lasted 20 years before Rome finally won & forced Carthage to leave Sicily & pay a huge fine
The Roman Republic• 14) What was the
Second Punic War?
• To make up for losing Sicily, Carthage expanded into southern Spain
• Rome was NOT happy about this
• Rome helped the people living in Southern Spain rebel against Carthage
• To punish Rome, Carthage sent its greatest general to attack Rome
• This started the 2nd Punic War
The Roman Republic• 15) Who was
Hannibal?
• The general sent by Carthage to attack Rome
• His strategy was to take fighting into Italy itself
• Hannibal’s army had 46,000 soldiers, horses & 37 elephants
• He landed in Spain & marched east to Italy
• Hannibal’s forces suffered many losses while crossing the Alps mountains
The Roman Republic• 16) What is the
Battle of Cannae?
• A battle in 212 B.C. between the Romans & Hannibal in southern Italy
• The Romans suffered heavy losses
• Hannibal’s army began raiding most of Italy after they won
The Roman Republic• 17) What did the
Romans do after they lost the Battle of Cannae?
• The Romans worked to gather another army
• In 202 B.C. the Roman forces were led by a general named Scipio
• Scipio took the Roman forces to invade Carthage
• This forced Hannibal to leave Italy & head home to help defend Carthage
The Roman Republic• 18) What was the
Battle of Zama?• In the Battle of Zama,
Scipio defeated Hannibal’s army in Carthage
• Carthage gave up control of Spain to Rome
• As punishment, Rome forced Carthage to give up their navy & pay a heavy fine
• Rome finally became the ruling power in the Mediterranean
The Roman Republic• 19) What was the
3rd Punic War?• In 146 B.C. Carthage once
again tried to attack Rome• Roman soldiers burned
Carthage & enslaved more than 50,000 men, women & children
• Legend said that the Romans even covered the land with salt so that no crops could grow in Carthage
• Carthage became a Roman province
The Roman Republic• 20) What does
mare nostrum mean?
• Mare nostrum means “our sea”
• Rome began calling the Mediterranean Sea “mare nostrum”
• During the Punic Wars, Rome also battled for control of the eastern Mediterranean
• By 129 B.C. Rome gained its first province in Asia giving them complete control of the Mediterranean area
Review Info!!!
• 19) What other ideas did Rome “borrow” from Greece?
• Roman Stoic philosophers urged people to participate in public affairs, civic duty & to treat enslaved people with respect
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