chapter 8 muscle review. neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.myofibrils b.motor...

Chapter 8Chapter 8Muscle ReviewMuscle Review

Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within…

a.Myofibrils

b.Motor units

c.Motor end plate

d.Motor nerve ending

Motor nerve ending

The synaptic vesicles contain…

a.Acetylcholine

b.Calcium ions

c.Myoglobin

d.actin

The process by which a motor neuron releases acetylcholine is

a.Exocytosis

b.Simple diffusion

c.Active transport

d.filtration

What structures meet at the neuromuscular junction?

a.T-tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum

b.The sarcolemma and the T-tubules

c.The axon of the motor neuron and the sarcolemma

d.The axon of the motor neuron and myosin

Motor nerve ending

The enzyme cholinesterase causes acetylcholine to…

a.Bind to actin

b.Be secreted

c.Decompose

d.Form crossbridges

The time following a stimulus when a muscle is unable to respond…

a.Refractory period

b.Relaxation period

c.Latent period

d.Summation

Not in notes check over in book.

Amount of oxygen required to convert lactic acid to glucose.

a.Refractory period

b.Oxygen debt

c.Anaerobic respiration

d.Aerobic respiration

A motor unit includes

a.Muscle fibers only

b.Motor neurons only

c.Several motor neurons and one muscle fiber

d.Several muscle fibers and one motor neuron

one

several

Creatine phosphate serves to

a.Cause the decomposition of ATP

b.Cause the decomposition of ADP

c.Supply energy for the synthesis of ATP

d.Supply energy for the change of ATP to ADP

The all-or-none response means…

a.All the muscles in a region contract together

b.All of the muscle fibers/cells within a muscle contract together

c.When a muscle fiber contracts, it contracts completely

Rigor mortis occurs because of

a.Excessive ATP, which prevents muscle relaxation

b.Lack of ATP, which prevents muscle relaxation (no ATP to release crossbridge between actin & myosin)

c.Excessive ATP which causes muscle contraction

The botulinus toxin that causes botulism acts by

a.Preventing the release of acetylcholine

b.Promoting the release of acetylcholine

c.Causing acetylcholine to be decomposed

d.Preventing the decomposition of acetylcholine

Smooth muscle is found

a.Attached to bones

b.Lining hollow organs and tubes

c.In the wall of the heart

Muscle tissue that is striated and involuntary

a.Skeletal

b.Smooth

c.Cardiac

d.Both cardiac and smooth

A muscle cramp is likely due to a lack of

a.Actin

b.Myosin

c.ATP

d.ADP

Which of the following is the smallest

a.Myofilament

b.Myofibril

c.Myofiber

d.fascicle

Myofibril is the organelle within the muscle cell/fiber and the myofilaments (actin & myosin) are the proteins within the myofibril.

Multiunit smooth muscle

a.Is composed of sheets of muscle cells

b.Tends to display rhythmicity

c.Occurs in the walls of the stomach and intestines

d.None of these

a, b, & c are all characteristics of visceral smooth muscle.

Striations are seen in…

a.Osseous tissue

b.Smooth muscle

c.Skeletal muscle cells

d.Tendons and ligaments

Striations

Branching muscle cells with a single nucleus/cell and intercalated disks are found in…

a.Skeletal muscle

b.Cardiac muscle

c.Smooth muscle

Thick myofilament

a.Actin

b.Myosin

Myoglobin…

a.Stores oxygen in the muscle tissue

b.Binds to actin to shorten the myofibrils

c.Stores ATP

d.Separates one sarcomere from another

Connective tissue that separates the fascicles in skeletal muscle is called the

a.Epimysium

b.Endomysium

c.Perimysium

Connective componentsof muscle organ

Fascicle

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

Musclefiber

The sarcolemma is the

a.Storage site for calcium

b.Cell membrane of a myofiber

c.Cytoplasm of myofiber

The function of the intercalated disks in cardiac muscle tissue is to

a.Separate one sarcomere from another

b.Store ATP

c.Slow the rate at which calcium ions are returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

d.Provide a mechanism by which all of the cells in a network can contract as a functional unit

The sliding filament theory states that when a muscle fiber shortens…

a.Actin filaments become shorter when they combine with myosin

b.Thin myofilaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere

c.Myosin heads rotate when they attach to actin, causing them to fold.

The function of calcium ions in skeletal muscle cell contraction is to

a.Bind to receptors on the sarcolemma

b.Bind to oxygen; for cellular respiration

c.Bind to the thin myofilament (actin) changing its shape so that the thick myofilament (myosin) can bind.

Skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract when…

a.Calcium ions bind to the sarcolemma

b.Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma, causing the stimulus to spread through out the muscle cell

c.ATP is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

d.Oxygen binds to the hemoglobin

Sarcomeres are separated from one another by

a.I bands

b.H zone

c.A bands

d.Z lines

The region of the sarcomere that contains thin myofilaments, but not thick myofilaments is the

a.A band

b.I band

c.Z line

d.T-tubule

The aerobic processes of cellular respiration occur in the

a.Sarcoplasm

b.Mitochondria

c.T-tubules

d.nucleus

The purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is to

a.Generate ATP

b.Store calcium ions

c.Break down acetylcholine

d.exocytosis

In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted to

a.Creatine

b.Lactic acid

c.ADP

d.Oxygen

Acetylcholine and ____ are the two neurotransmitters that affect smooth muscle.

Norepinephrine

Rhythmic motion produced by smooth muscle is called?

Peristalsis

Muscle fatigue is due to an accumulation of _____

Lactic acid

The minimal stimulus needed to elicit a muscle contraction is _____

Threshold stimulus

A broad fibrous sheet of connective tissue covering adjacent musces is called?

Aponeurosis

The enlargement of muscle fibers as a result of physical exercise is called?

Hypertrophy