chapter 8
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Chapter 8
Imperialist Policies and Practices
• The last chapter was the rise of imperialism in our world.
• In this chapter we will look at how these imperialist practices affected the indigenous people of the world.
• To what extent should societies be held responsible for the affects on these people.
Chapter Issues
• How well has Canada addressed the impacts of imperialism?
• To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization?
• Read “White Man’s Burden” on page 159
Imperial Economic Expansion in North America
• Global expansion began in north and south America during the 15th century.
• The Europeans discovered rich natural resources like cod and gold.
• The drive for more pushed these governments to expand their empires.
• Canada’s history is traced back to French and British territorial expansion.
• Both created colonies in the new world that promoted economic development, settlement, and military security.
French and British Rivalry in North America
• Trade was very lucrative.• Both sides wanted control of
the fur trade.• Companies were created
that would control the fur trade.
• Economic and social rivalry continues until well into the 19th century.
• Much of this rivalry led to conflict with the First nations
• Often the First Nations would join different sides of the wars between the French and English.
• Religion became an issue between the English and French.
• At first the contact was quite cooperative.
• The relationship was mutually beneficial.
• Between 1701 and 1923 many treaties were.
• The First Nations viewed these treaties as sacred agreements.
• Many of the treaties were misunderstood because of the language barrier.
• The British expected First Nations to give up land for colonial settlement and to protect it from attack.
• The First Nations had no concept of giving up land.
• Their culture shared the land with everyone and this difference between the two cultures were not written in these treaties.
• When this was discovered trust and good faith were lost
• As the British continued to expand, the attitude changed for the welfare of the First Nations.
• British ignored the treaties and replaced them with more paternalistic practices.
Confederation• Canada gained
confederation in 1867.• The confederation was
created without any consultation with the First nations.
• After confederation a department was created to deal with the First Nations
• Read page 168 and what John A. MacDonald said.
The CPR
• Most of the west was occupied by different bands of First Nations that had been there for thousands of years.
• The British and the colonial offices saw the west as being open for expansion and settlement.
• The advance of the CPR had life changing affects on the First Nations.
• The land was taken from the First Nations.
• They could no longer move around to hunt and fish.
Comparisons
• North America was not the only place where this all happened.
• India went through the same type of experience.
• The East India Company controlled the land and the people of India.
• During the 20th century, a man called Gandhi confronted the British over colonization.
• He used pacifism to show his belief that the imposition of British culture on the Indian citizens was unjust.
• Look at the figure on page 171.
• What does it say about the relationship between Gandhi and British colonial rulers in India
Addressing Effects of Imperialist Policies
• Think about the issues facing aboriginal peoples in Canadian society.
• The threat of losing their culture and language was a real threat.
• Should today’s society be held responsible for the actions of their ancestors?
Aboriginal land Claims
• The land claims go back a long way.
• There are more than 70 treaties in Canada.
• In some areas there are no formal agreements or treaties.
• Land claims have not been settled.
• Each wants its traditional territory.
• Many agreements have gone to the supreme court of Canada in order to be settled.
• Read page 173 about one particular case.
• See map on page 174 to see how many land claims have not been settled.
• Read Dr. Maris Battiste on page 174
• Read page 175• Read page 176-177
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