chapter 6 patrol and traffic. law enforcement in the 21 st century, 3e heath b. grant and karen j....
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Chapter 6
Patrol and Traffic
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.2
Introduction Patrol: Realities, Types, Methods,
Systems of Deployment and
Effectiveness Response Time
Kansas City Patrol Experiment
Role of Patrol in Contemporary
Policing
Traffic: Role and Dangers
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.3
Realities of Patrol
Use of time by officers Responding to crime (20%)
2/3 of time “unassigned”
Most time spent gathering
information
Productivity measures Response time
External authorizing environmental
stakeholders
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.4
The Patrol FunctionObjectives
Protection and defense of lives and
property
Repression of criminal and delinquent
behavior
Identification, apprehension, and
conviction of offenders
Traffic flow and collision reduction
Maintenance of order and public safety
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.5
The Patrol Function—Types
Information gathering
Conflict resolution
Maintenance/Restoration of control
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.6
Types of Patrols
Random or Routine Patrol
Directed Patrol
Aggressive Patrol
Saturation Patrol
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.7
Effectiveness of Patrols Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment
Reactive Beats
Control Beats
Proactive Beats
No significant difference among types
Groundbreaking study, findings
questioned
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.8
Patrol Methods
Automobile Patrol One Officer
Two Officer
Foot Patrol Community Policing
Newark Foot Patrol Experiment
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.9
Patrol Methods (con’t.)
Motorcycle and Bicycle Patrols
Horse Patrol
Water and Helicopter Patrols
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.10
Patrol Deployment Rotating vs. Assigned Shifts
Time of Day and Shift Hours 7 AM to 3 PM (watch)
3 PM to 11:30 PM (swing watch)
11:00 PM to 7 AM (dog watch)
8 vs. 12 Hour Watches
Fatigue and Circadian Rhythms
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.11
Patrol Deployment (con’t.)
Allocating Personnel
Foot Patrol vs. Automobile
Assignments
Integrated Patrol
1994 Violent Crime Control and Law
Enforcement Act
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.12
Traffic Goals and Enforcement
Functions Elimination of accident causes and congestion
Identification of problems and hazards
Regulation of street and municipal parking
Investigation of accidents
Directing public awareness
Arresting offenders
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.13
Traffic Goals and Enforcement Dangers of Traffic Stops
Routine Stops
High-Risk Stops
Automated Traffic Enforcement System based on cameras
Motion detectors
Monitor traffic flow
Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3eHeath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry
© 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.14
ReflectionsOn Chapter Six
1. Explain the significance of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment to policing. How did it help shift policing from reactive to proactive strategies?
2. What productivity measures should be used to evaluate the effectiveness of patrol officers?
3. How can a patrol officer’s job be affected by issues of linkage blindness within the department?
4. Explain the role of foot patrol in community policing. What other patrol deployment and shift-structure decisions should a department wishing to implement community policing consider?
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