chapter 4 new england

The Thirteen English Colonies

NEW ENGLAND

Mrs. Barnette 2012

New England*

Map from nps.gov

Massachusetts (Includes present-day Maine)

ConnecticutRhode IslandNew Hampshire

*Some people call all 13 colonies “New England,” but these 4 colonies were the New England region

Massachusetts

The Puritans came to Massachusetts after attempting to reform the Anglican Church.

Both believed in a stricter adherence to scriptures. While the Pilgrims chose separating from the Church of England (Anglican Church) as a first resort, Puritans wanted reform from within. They would have been content with the Church of England hierarchy if it followed what they believed were Biblical principles. (Maxwell, pilgrimhall.org 2003)

Pilgrims?Puritans?

What’s the difference?

To “purify” the Anglican ChurchThey wanted:

No clergy above the rank of parish priest

No set prayers /elaborate rituals; simple worship and clothing of church leaders

Church hierarchy would not be under direct control of the King.

http://elane.stanford.edu/wilson/html/chap3/chap3-sect4.html

King Charles I brought changes to the Church of England. Puritans disagreed, and many were persecuted by the government. They still managed to become a powerful force in Parliament. An ensuing civil war resulted with the beheading of Charles I.

Charles I (1600-1649)began his reign in 1625. http://www2.fiu.edu/~casinesg/Monarchs/monarchs.htm

Oliver Cromwell, the Puritan leader of the Parliament forces, became head of the government; but shortly after he died, Charles II returned the monarchy to the throne.

Oliver Cromwell, “Lord Protector of England”1649-1659

Beginnings of Massachusetts Bay ColonyPuritans arrived

1630.Not only Puritans

went. Some were youngest sons, or those wanting economic gain.

Governing MassachusettsJohn Winthrop was

Governor.He worked

physically, as well as politically.

“City on a Hill” sermon https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/winthrop.htm

VotingOnly stockholders of the MA Bay Colony

could vote.This caused discontent, since most were

not stockholders.Church members did not want non-

Puritans in power. They decided to let male church members

vote for Governor and General Court.

Leaving MassachusettsThomas Hooker led 106 settlers out of

MA. He founded Hartford, Connecticut. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Allowed all male landowners to voteLimited governor’s power, thus expanding the

idea of representative gov’t.

Roger Williams and Rhode IslandHe thought the Puritan

Church had too much power. He wanted separation of church and state. He advocated religious tolerance, which Puritans did not have.

Ordered to leave, he and his followers bought land from Natives in Rhode Island.

He allowed Jews, Protestants, and Catholics to worship freely.

Anne HutchinsonShe fled to RI after

she was ordered to leave the Puritan MA colony. Women were not allowed to explain Bible teaching, plus she told the court that God spoke to her directly.http://www.swarthmore.edu/

SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/30-hut.html

New Hampshire FormedThe King made

new coastal settlements north of Boston into New Hampshire.

Trouble with NativesColonists were

encroaching on Natives’ territory.

Metacom (King Phillip), Chief of the Wampanoag Indians, led assaults on more than 600 settlers.

He was killed. His family & 1000 Indians became slaves.

http://www.humanities.uci.edu/mclark/HumCore2001/Core2000Archive/Clark/RowlOutline.html

Puritan Life in New England

Sundays were reserved for worship only.

Many community issues were democratically decided at town meetings.

http://frank.mtsu.edu/~jhwillia/3020Salem.html

About 15 crimes, including witchcraft, carried the death penalty. The Salem witch trials of 1692 executed 20 “witches.”

New England EconomyCrops

Corn SquashPumpkins

LumberHuntingShipbuildingWhaling, fishing