chapter 34 complementary and alternative therapies in maternity and pediatric nursing
Post on 27-Dec-2015
261 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 34Chapter 34
Complementary and Alternative Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Maternity and Pediatric Therapies in Maternity and Pediatric
NursingNursing
ObjectivesObjectives
• Define complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy.
• Identify the role of the nurse in CAM therapy.
• Describe the involvement of the federal government in CAM therapy.
• Discuss the integration of CAM therapy in nursing practice.
2Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Objectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)
• Discuss the impact on nursing care of patients who use CAM therapy.
• State five types of CAM therapy in common use.
• State three herbal products contraindicated in pregnancy.
• State three herbal products commonly used in pediatrics.
• State popular herbs used during menopause.
3Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Objectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)
• Discuss the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the care of carbon monoxide poisoning and necrotic ulcer.
• State three herbs that should be discontinued 2 weeks before surgery.
• State the use of meridians, dermatomes, and reflexology lines in CAM therapy.
4Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Definition of CAM TherapiesDefinition of CAM Therapies
• Complementary therapy– Nontraditional therapy that is used with
traditional or conventional therapy
• Alternative therapy– Unconventional or nontraditional that replaces
conventional or traditional therapy
5Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
6Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Alternative Health CareAlternative Health Care
CAM TherapyCAM Therapy
• Also known as – Integrative therapies– Integrative healing– Holistic healing
7Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
CAM PractitionersCAM Practitioners
• Holistic practitioners
• Naturopaths
• Nutritional consultants– Food therapy– Vitamin and mineral supplements
• Herbalist
• Practitioners of acupuncture and acupressure
8Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Popular Cultural Folk Healers Popular Cultural Folk Healers
• Mexican: Curanderos
• African American: Root doctor
• Asian and Chinese: Herbalist
• Puerto Rican: Espiritistas or santiguadoras
• Navajo: Singers
9Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Accepted TheoriesAccepted Theories
• Gate control theory of pain relief
• Imagery
• Journaling
• Therapeutic touch
• Humor
• Support groups
10Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nurse’s Role in CAM TherapyNurse’s Role in CAM Therapy
• Cultural competence is a sensitivity and respect for practices and philosophies different from one’s own
• The need for nurses to understand CAM therapy, how it can be used, and how it may interact with or enhance traditional medical and nursing care are important
• Nurses need to understand basic underlying philosophies and beliefs concerning CAM interventions
11Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nurse’s Role in CAM Therapy Nurse’s Role in CAM Therapy (cont.)(cont.)
• Is not to promote CAM therapy but to recognize and respect its use
• Use critical thinking skills to determine interactions with traditional therapies
• Work with the patient as a partner in the delivery of health care
12Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Cautions in CAM TherapyCautions in CAM Therapy
• Herbs can – Interact with cardiac drugs– Affect glucose control in patients with diabetes– Lower the concentration of some synthetic
drugs– Lower the blood level of some medications for
HIV/AIDS• Polypharmacy should be avoided; the use of
some drugs with herbal remedies can be dangerous
Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13
Herbs to Discontinue Two Weeks Herbs to Discontinue Two Weeks Before SurgeryBefore Surgery
• Echinacea• Garlic• Ginger• Gingko biloba• St. John’s wort• Ginseng• Kava kava• Feverfew• Ephedra (ma huang)
14Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Federal RegulationsFederal Regulations
• 1962: Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment Act required FDA proof of safety and effectiveness for all drugs (not including herbal products) before placing them on the market
• 1992: NIH formed Office of Alternative Medicine to evaluate CAM therapies
• 1994: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act defined dietary supplement and prohibited claim of medicinal value
• 1994: DSHEA required regulations for labeling and statement that there is no FDA approval
Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15
Overview of Common Alternative Overview of Common Alternative Health Care PracticesHealth Care Practices
16Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
MassageMassage
• Thought to bolster immune response
• Rolfing—thought to improve muscle and bone function
• “Cao-gio” (coin rubbing) form of skin manipulation thought to help bring the body into healthy alignment
• Perineal massage in preparation for labor
• Effleurage—pain relief
• Gentle touch—for premature infants17Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Massage Massage (cont.)(cont.)
• Massage and manipulative therapy are contraindicated in patients with– Cancer– Osteoporosis– Localized infection– Cardiac and circulatory disorders
• Because of the increased blood flow to the affected areas
18Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
OsteopathyOsteopathy
• Pressure point therapy– Certain areas of the body are connected to
specific identified pressure points such as hands, feet, and ears
– Channels conduct vital energy through the body
19Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Energy HealingEnergy Healing
• Belief that electromagnetic flow emerges from the therapist’s hand and can funnel energy into the patient
• The body, the mind, the spirit, and the emotions are usually involved in this form of therapy
• Light therapy, another form of energy, is used to treat a jaundiced newborn
20Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
ReflexologyReflexology
• Reflex points in the hands and feet thought to correspond to every organ or part of the body
21Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Acupuncture and AcupressureAcupuncture and Acupressure
• Complex meridians that are pathways to specific organs or parts of the body
• It is at these points that positive or negative energy can be realigned
• “Chi” energy is thought to regulate proper body function
• Points to avoid during pregnancy are– Bottom of foot– Inner lower leg– Base of thumb– Most areas over abdomen
22Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
HomeopathyHomeopathy
• Uses plants, herbs, and earth minerals
• Belief that disease is an energy imbalance and that prescribed remedies assist the body to reestablish correct balance
• Taken sublingually
• Don’t combine with caffeine, alcohol, or traditional Western medicine
• Only one remedy is administered at a time
23Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
AyurvedaAyurveda
• Ancient Hindu healing regimen
• Deals with biological rhythms of nature
• Includes music, herbs, massage, aromatherapy, and a tailored diet
24Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
AromatherapyAromatherapy
• Involves the use of concentrated fluid or the essence of specific herbs that are combined with steams or baths to inhale or bathe the skin
• NOTE: Concentrated pure oils can cause burns on the skin if used incorrectly
25Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing TipNursing Tip
• Lavender, chamomile, and sandalwood essential oils are useful in aromatherapy for children with chronic pain
26Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
HypnotherapyHypnotherapy
• Patient enters a hypnotic state of induced sleep
• Under the guidance of a practitioner, specific and potentially long-lasting suggestions are given to the patient
• Some patients resist the trance state and are not candidates for hypnotherapy
27Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
HydrotherapyHydrotherapy
• Promotes relaxation
28Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Guided ImageryGuided Imagery
• Patient focuses on a specific image which can result in the reduction of stress and increased performance
29Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
BiofeedbackBiofeedback
• A type of relaxation therapy that enables the patient to recognize tension in the muscles via response on an electronic machine
30Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Chiropractic CareChiropractic Care
• Deals with the relationship between the spinal column and nervous system
• Involves nerve energy thought to be responsible for restoring and maintaining health
31Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Herbal RemediesHerbal Remedies
• Powerful nutritional agents
• Most are safe to ingest
• Herbal remedies consumed during pregnancy can reach the fetus
• Herbal capsules are about 4 times stronger than herbal teas
• Herbal extracts are about 4 to 8 times stronger than capsules
32Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Common Herbs Contraindicated in Common Herbs Contraindicated in Pregnancy and LactationPregnancy and Lactation
• Aloe vera• Garlic• Ginkgo biloba• St. John’s wort• Angelica (dong quai)• Chamomile
• Feverfew• Flax (flaxseed)• Ginseng• Kava kava• Ma huang (ephedra)• Nettle
Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33
Herbs Commonly Used in Herbs Commonly Used in PediatricsPediatrics
• Blue-green algae• Chamomile• Ephedra• Echinacea• Evening primrose oil• Fennel seed oil
• Feverfew• Fish oil• Ginger• Ginkgo biloba• Ginseng
Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34
Herbs that Promote MenstruationHerbs that Promote Menstruation
• The following herbs promote menstruation and may cause miscarriage if used during pregnancy: – Cascara– Cohosh– Goldenseal– Juniper– Marjoram– Motherwort– Mugwort– Pennyroyal– Sage– Senna– Wormwood
Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35
Popular Herbs Used in MenopausePopular Herbs Used in Menopause
• Black cohosh
• Sage
• Dong quai
• Chasteberry
• Motherwort
36Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Hyperbaric Oxygen TherapyHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
• Uses an airtight enclosure to provide compressed air or oxygen under increased pressure
• Contraindicated in pregnancy
37Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Sauna/Heat TherapySauna/Heat Therapy
• Thought to help eliminate body waste
• Patients should monitor their pulse during this form of treatment
• This type of therapy is contraindicated in pregnancy
38Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Question for ReviewQuestion for Review
• What are some CAM therapies that are currently used regularly in the labor unit?
39Elsevier items and derived items © 2011, 2007, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
top related