chapter 32-3: primates & human origins essential questions: what characteristics are shared by...
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Chapter 32-3: Primates & Chapter 32-3: Primates & Human OriginsHuman Origins
Essential Questions:Essential Questions:What characteristics are shared by all What characteristics are shared by all primates?primates?What are the major evolutionary What are the major evolutionary groups of primates?groups of primates?What is a What is a hominid?hominid?What does the fossil record show What does the fossil record show about hominids?about hominids?
What is a primate?What is a primate?• Fingers, toes & shouldersFingers, toes & shoulders
5 flexible fingers, flexible toes, shoulders 5 flexible fingers, flexible toes, shoulders allow arms to rotateallow arms to rotate
Most have opposable thumbsMost have opposable thumbs
• Well-developed cerebrumWell-developed cerebrum Allows complex behavior – social behaviors, Allows complex behavior – social behaviors,
adoption, warfareadoption, warfare
““Brain CapacityBrain Capacity””
• Binocular vision, flat faceBinocular vision, flat face Able to merge images from 2 eyesAble to merge images from 2 eyes Depth perceptionDepth perception 3D view3D view
Evolution of primatesEvolution of primates• Prosimians – earliest branch Prosimians – earliest branch
Lemurs, lorisesLemurs, lorises
• Anthropoids – humans, apes, most Anthropoids – humans, apes, most monkeysmonkeys
2 branches caused by separation of 2 branches caused by separation of continentscontinents
• New world monkeys (Central/South America) – New world monkeys (Central/South America) – adapted for trees; have prehensile tailadapted for trees; have prehensile tail
• Old world monkeys (Africa/Asia) – baboons, Old world monkeys (Africa/Asia) – baboons, orangutans, gorillas, chimps, humansorangutans, gorillas, chimps, humans
What is a hominid?What is a hominid?• About 6 m.y.a.: hominid line gave rise to About 6 m.y.a.: hominid line gave rise to
humanshumans Bipedal – 2 feet locomotion – skeleton Bipedal – 2 feet locomotion – skeleton
changed for thischanged for this
• Early hominidsEarly hominids AustralopithecusAustralopithecus – – ““LucyLucy”” fossil; probably fossil; probably
ancestral to humansancestral to humans
• How do the branches connect?How do the branches connect? No simple, straight-line transformation from No simple, straight-line transformation from
early hominids to modern humansearly hominids to modern humans
SkullsSkulls
SkullsSkulls
Out of Africa – but who and when?Out of Africa – but who and when? Modern Modern Homo sapiensHomo sapiens
• Homo neanderthalensisHomo neanderthalensis – Europe & N. – Europe & N. Asia; 200-300 thousand years agoAsia; 200-300 thousand years ago
Stone tools, organized groupsStone tools, organized groups
SpeciesSpecies
• Homo sapiensHomo sapiens – appear in Spain about – appear in Spain about 400 thousand years ago400 thousand years ago
cave paintings, burial ritualscave paintings, burial rituals Only hominid species left on earthOnly hominid species left on earth
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