chapter 31 china, india, and southeast asia. china is the most populous nation in the world last...
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Communism under Mao Zedong 1949, Communist setup the People’s Republic of China
Wanted to transform from agricultural society into a modern industrial nation
Little Red Book :A book circulated throughout China during the reign of Mao Zedong, which contained his political philosophy for China. It was required reading in all schools.
Changing Role of Women Traditionally women were treated as inferior to men
In communist China, women gained some rights
Women won equality under the law
The Great Leap Forward called on people to increase agricultural and
industrial output
To make more productive farms, he created communes: groups of people who lived and work together and hold property in common (similar to Russia)
This program failed Commune-based industries turned out poorly made
goods
Agricultural output declined
Bad weather created widespread famine
The Cultural Revolution renew people’s loyalty to communism and to
establish a more equitable (equal) society Shut down schools/universities
Students formed groups of fighters called the Red Guards
1976, Mao Zedong died and
Deng Xiaoping took control
Communism under Deng Xiaoping
Brought more economic freedom but little political change
Economic Reforms: The Four Modernizations Farming-methods were modernized and mechanized
Industry-was upgraded and expanded
Science and Technology-were promoted and developed
Defense-systems and military forces were improved
Limited Privatization Allowed land to be leased to individual farmers
Increased agricultural output
Foreign Investment Welcomed foreign technology/capital
Setup special enterprise zones where foreigners could own and operate business
Result of Reforms
Positive Negative
1.Economy grew 1. Crime/corruption grew
2. Better standard of 2. Gap between rich/poor
living widened
3.Foreign relations/trade
improved
Tiananmen Square demonstrators occupied Tiananmen Square,
demanding more rights/freedoms
When they refused to disperse, gov. sent troops and tanks
Thousands of Chinese were killed/wounded
This incident showed order was more important than political freedom
During the 1990s, efforts were made to force China to end human rights violations, but were limited
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