chapter 3 system configuration the complete a+ guide to pc repair 5/e update
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Chapter 3 System Configuration
Chapter 3 System Configuration
The Complete A+ Guideto PC Repair 5/e Update
Chapter ObjectivesChapter Objectives
After completing this chapter After completing this chapter you will be able to:you will be able to:
The BIOS (basic input /output system) is an important motherboard component. The BIOS has the following
functions:
The BIOS (basic input /output system) is an important motherboard component. The BIOS has the following
functions:
Holds and Holds and executes POST executes POST (power on self (power on self
test)—the test)—the program that program that
identifies, tests, identifies, tests, andand
initializes basic initializes basic hardware hardware
componentscomponents
Holds and Holds and executes POST executes POST (power on self (power on self
test)—the test)—the program that program that
identifies, tests, identifies, tests, andand
initializes basic initializes basic hardware hardware
componentscomponents
Holds a basic Holds a basic routine called a routine called a
bootstrap bootstrap program that program that
locates an locates an operating system operating system
andandallows it to loadallows it to load
Holds a basic Holds a basic routine called a routine called a
bootstrap bootstrap program that program that
locates an locates an operating system operating system
andandallows it to loadallows it to load
Holds Setup, Holds Setup, which is a which is a
program that program that allows device allows device settings to be settings to be viewed and viewed and managedmanaged
Holds Setup, Holds Setup, which is a which is a
program that program that allows device allows device settings to be settings to be viewed and viewed and managedmanaged
Configuration OverviewConfiguration Overview
The Setup ProgramThe Setup Program
A type of memory A type of memory that allows the that allows the BIOS to be BIOS to be changed without changed without installing a new installing a new chip. The BIOS is chip. The BIOS is updated via files updated via files that have been that have been downloaded from downloaded from the Internet.the Internet.
Viruses can infect Viruses can infect the Flash BIOS. the Flash BIOS. Keep the BIOS Keep the BIOS write-protected write-protected until you need to until you need to update it.update it.
Flash BIOS is the Flash BIOS is the most common most common type of BIOS type of BIOS used today.used today.
Flash BIOSFlash BIOS
CMOS MemoryCMOS Memory
BIOS Configuration SettingsBIOS Configuration Settings
BIOS Configuration SettingsBIOS Configuration Settings
Motherboard BatteriesMotherboard Batteries
The most common battery
used today is a lithium battery
that is about the size of a
nickel.
Motherboard BatteriesMotherboard Batteries
IRQ (Interrupt Request)IRQ (Interrupt Request)
IRQ & Device ManagerIRQ & Device Manager
PCI InterruptsPCI Interrupts
PCI/PCIe InterruptsPCI/PCIe Interrupts
I/O (Input/Output) AddressesI/O (Input/Output) Addresses
An I/O address, also known as port address, allows the device & An I/O address, also known as port address, allows the device & the processor to exchange data. the processor to exchange data.
DMA Channels (Direct Memory Access Channels) DMA Channels (Direct Memory Access Channels)
It is a number It is a number assigned to a an assigned to a an
adapter which adapter which allows adapters allows adapters to bypass the to bypass the processor and processor and communicate communicate
directly with the directly with the RAM chips.RAM chips.
DMA Channels
Each device or adapter must have a unique DMA channel
assigned.
This technique speeds transfers
by allowing transferring data
directly to memory.
Bus-mastering – A better and more efficient method than DMA. The bus-mastering adapter takes control of the bus in a manner similar to the CPU.
Memory AddressesMemory Addresses
Memory Address Memory Address
A unique address assigned to the BIOS, any other ROM chips installed on adapters, and RAM chips installed in the system.
The memory address is used by the CPU when it accesses information inside the chip.
Configuration problems can be caused by overlapping adapter ROM memory addresses.
Memory addresses are shown in hexadecimal. The memory address ranges used for all of the different ROM chips installed in the system are usually from A0000h to FFFFFh.
Configuration OverviewConfiguration Overview
ISA, EISA, PCI, PCIe, and AGP adapters must be configured for the proper IRQ, I/O address, memory address, and DMA channel.
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Adapter Configuration Adapter Configuration
Configuration of PC Cards/Express CardsConfiguration of PC Cards/Express Cards
PC Card slots are now being replaced with ExpressCards.
Most PC Cards/ExpressCards support hot swapping.
Hot swapping allows the cards to be inserted when the PC is powered on.
Each card takes system resources such as memory addresses and interrupts, just as other adapters do.
Configuration of PC Cards/Express CardsConfiguration of PC Cards/Express Cards
Installing USB DeviceInstalling USB Device
• USB devices are hot swappable. • USB OTG (on-the-go) – A supplement to the USB 2.0
specification which adds the capability of a USB device
having the ability to be a host device. Two devices can
communicate without a PC or a hub.• Certified Wireless USB – Supports high-speed, secure
wireless connectivity between a USB device and a PC at
speeds comparable to that of a wired hi-speed USB device. • Add a USB adapter for more ports or use a hub• USB hub – A popular device which is used to connect more
than one USB device to a USB port.
USBUSB
• USB ports are known as Type A and Type B.• A standard USB cable has a Type A male
connector on one end and a Type B male connector on the other end.
• The port on the computer is a Type A port. • A Type A connector inserts into the Type A
port. • The Type B connector attaches to the Type B
port on the USB device.• USB hubs normally have Type A ports on
them.
USB Troubleshooting USB Troubleshooting
Installing an IEEE 1394 (FireWire) DeviceInstalling an IEEE 1394 (FireWire) Device
IEEE 1394 TroubleshootingIEEE 1394 Troubleshooting
FireWire hubs can be self-powered or bus-powered like USB hubs. A switch control may be needed to select the
correct power mode.
FireWire can have three types of connectors – 4-, 6-, and 9-pin. The 4-
pin does not provide voltage.
Use Device Manager to verify the correct IEEE 1394 installation.
Soft SkillsSoft Skills
Make a listof symptoms followed by a
list of things to try.
Try possible solutions starting with the simples one.
Document each step so that each approach that does not fix the problem is put back to the original configuration before next possible solution.
DocumentDocument
GoodTech
Qualities
GoodTech
Qualities
Possible SolutionsPossible Solutions
List Symptoms
List Symptoms
Questions???Questions???
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