chapter 3 planning technical activities
Post on 19-Jan-2016
515 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
PLANNING TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
Managers who plan are afforded with the opportunity to carefully analyze situations
which directly contribute to effective decision-making.
Planning Defined
• refers to the management function that involves anticipating future trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational objectives.
Nickels and Others
Planning Defined
is the selection and sequential ordering of tasks required to achieve an organizational goal.
Aldag and Stearns
Planning Defined
is deciding what will be done, who will do it, where, when and how it will be done, and the standards to which it will be done.
Cole & Hamilton
Planning at Various Management Levels
1. Top management level- strategic planning2. Middle management level – intermediate
planning3. Lower management level – operational planning
Top Management
• Chief Executive Officer• President• Vice Presidents• General Manager• Division Heads
Middle
Management
• Functional Managers• Product Line Managers• Department Heads
Lower
Management
• Unit Managers• First Line Supervisors
The Planning Process
1.Setting organizational, divisional, unit goals
2. Developing strategies or tactics to reach those goals
3. Determining resources needed
4. Setting standards
Types of Plans
Functional Areas
Time Horizon
Frequency of Use
Functional Plans
• Marketing Plan• Production Plan• Financial Pluman• Resource Management Plan
Plans With Time Horizon
• Short-range Plan• Long-range Plan
Plans According to Frequency of Use
• Standing Plans:PoliciesProceduresRules
• Single-use Plans:BudgetsProgramsProjects
The Contents of the Marketing Plan
The Executive Summary
Table of Contents
Situational Analysis and Target Market
Marketing Objectives and Goals
Marketing Strategies and Tactics
Schedules and BudgetsFinancial Data and Control
The Contents of a Production Plan
• The amount of capacity the company must have
• How many employees are required• How much material must be purchased
The Contents of the Financial Plan
• An analysis of the firm’s current financial condition as indicated by an analysis of the most recent statements
• A sale forecast• The capital budget• The cash budget• A set of pro forma (or projected) financial
statements• The external financing plan
Contents of the Human Resources Plan
• Personal requirements of the company• Plans for recruitment and selection • Training plan• Retirement plan
PARTS OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN
• Company or corporate mission• Objectives or goals• Strategies
MAKING PLANNING EFFECTIVE
– Planning may be made successful if the following are observed:
Recognize the planning barriersUse of aids to planning
Planning Barriers
1. Manager’s in ability to plan2. Improper planning process3. Lack of commitment to the planning process4. Improper information5. Focusing on the present at the expense of the future6. Too much reliance on the planning department7. Concentrating only on the controllable variables
Aids to planning that may be used are:
1. Gather information as much as possible2. Develop multiple sources of information3. Involve others in the planning process
top related