chapter 25 phylogeny and systematics. the fossil record and geologic time chapter 25 phylogeny and...
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
The Fossil Record
And Geologic Time
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Sedimentary strata reveal the relative ages of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Radiometric dating can provide the absolute age.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Geologic eras and periods correspond to major transitions in fossil species.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
The fossil record is substantial…
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
The fossil record is substantial…
…but incomplete.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
The fossil record is substantial…
…but incomplete.
It favors species that:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
The fossil record is substantial…
…but incomplete.
It favors species that:
•existed for a long time
•were widespread
•had hard shells or skeletons
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Continental drift has had a major impact on phylogeny
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Continental drift has had a major impact on phylogeny.
Pangaea formed in the late Paleozoic era and broke up in the early Mesozoic era.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
The history of life is punctuated by mass extinctions.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Taxonomy:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Taxonomy:
The identification and classification of species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Taxonomy:
The identification and classification of species.
Taxon:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Taxonomy:
The identification and classification of species.
Taxon:
A single category of species.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Dumb
kings
play
chess
on
fine
green
sand.
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Dumb
kings
play
chess
on
fine
green
sand.
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Dumb
kings
play
chess
on
fine
green
sand.
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
pardus
Systematics:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Systematics:
The study of biological diversity in an ecological context.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Phylogeny:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Phylogeny:
The evolutionary development of a taxon from earlier taxa.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Cladistics:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Cladistics:
The classification of species by their evolutionary descent.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Clade:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Clade:
An evolutionary ancestor and all of its descendants
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Clade:
An evolutionary ancestor and all of its descendants. A clade is defined by its evolutionary novelties and shared characteristics.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Systematics can infer phylogeny from molecular data.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Parsimony
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor, also called the KISS principle
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor, also called the KISS principle, says when offered several explanations, use the simplest.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
K
I
S
S
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Keep
I
S
S
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Keep
It
S
S
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Keep
It
Simple,
S
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Keep
It
Simple,
Stupid!
The simplest phylogenetic tree is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
“Molecular clocks” keep track of evolutionary time.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses. They incorporate extensive molecular and morphological data
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses. They incorporate extensive molecular and morphological data. But they are “flourishing with lively debate.”
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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