chapter 20: the new frontier and the great society kennedy: a hero
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CHAPTER 20: THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT
SOCIETY
KENNEDY: A HERO
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR: SECTION ONE
THE ELECTION OF 1960
Setbacks of the Cold War (a recession, sputnik, U-2 incident, an alliance between Cuba and Soviet Union) causes people to question if we were winning the C. War
Kennedy’s advantages and setbacks*
Kennedy vs. Nixon on television during pres. debates
John and Robert Kennedy’s actions with the African American community
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
THE CAMELOT YEARS
Kennedy wins the election in 1960 by a narrow margin
Kennedy family is characterized with beauty and grace
Invite celebrities and artists to the White House
People follow the Pres., his wife, and the children obsessively*
Surrounded by great team of advisors
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
A NEW MILITARY POLICY
Kennedy blamed Eisenhower and the Republicans for not dealing with the growth of Soviet influence in third-world countries (esp. Cuba)
Kennedy did not like building up nuclear weapons against Soviets in minor conflicts; decides to change this
Flexible response*
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
CRISES OVER CUBA
Fidel Castro*
Castro takes over American and British oil refineries
Takes over commercial farms and makes them into communes (some American sugar companies give up land)
U.S. reaction*
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
Castro relies on Soviet aid
Some like him for his willingness to stand up to the U.S.; some do not like him because he is another dictator
10 percent of Cuban population exiled
March 1960 –Eisenhower has CIA train exiles in plot to overthrow Castro
Kennedy learns of this nine days after elected; sends troops in 1961 and the following goes wrong*
Kennedy embarrassed*
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
Summer of 1962—Soviets promise to protect Cuba with placement of missile heads on the country
Oct. 14th—photos taken by American planes of missiles; some are ready to launch
Kennedy on tv*
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
U.S. uses a quarantine*
Soviet ships stop before quarantine
Khruschev offers an exchange*
CRISIS OVER BERLIN
Berlin Wall*
Three million East Germans fled into West Berlin to escape communist rule
Weakens East Germany’s economy
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
June 1961 Summit in Vienna—Khruschev threatens to close all access roads to West Berlin
Kennedy refuses to give up U.S. access to West Berlin
Khruschev’s actions afterward*
Only a few refugees are able to get into West Berlin
Kennedy tries to smooth over tensions with the Soviet Union with a hot line* and the Limited Test Ban Treaty*
THE NEW FRONTIER: SECTION TWO
THE PROMISE OF PROGRESS
New Frontier*
Kennedy unable to get some of his programs passed due to Republicans and Southern Democrats
Shows limited skill and inexperience to push for program approval
Poor economy in the 60’sKennedy has Congress increase spending
Defense spends more on weapons, minimum wage rises, extended unemployment, and provide assist. to cities
THE NEW FRONTIER
Peace Corps*
Kennedy’s reasoning behind it—stop the spread of communism
Alliance for Progress*
12 billion spent on Latin America to resist the influence of Castro
THE NEW FRONTIER
Soviets beat the U.S. with sending the first person into space
Telstar launched*
NASA creates facilities in Cape Canaveral, FL and Houston, TX
1969 Neil Armstrong lands on the moon
Results of the space program*
THE NEW FRONTIER
TRAGEDY IN DALLAS
November 22, 1963 Pres. Kennedy and wife went to Dallas, Texas for promotion for the next election
Lee Harvey Oswald shoots Kennedy from the Texas Schoolbook Depository
Jack Ruby kills Oswald
Televised funeral—many distraught Americans
Warren Commission*
Lyndon Baines Johnson is president
THE GREAT SOCIETY: SECTION THREE
LBJ’S PATH TO POWER
Lyndon Baines Johnson*
Politician from Texas that worked closely with FDR
“LBJ Treatment”
THE GREAT SOCIETY
JOHNSON’S DOMESTIC AGENDA
In memory of Kennedy, Johnson urges Congress to pass tax-cuts and civil rights bill
Ten billion in tax cuts spur economic growth
Civil Rights Act of 64 passed*
Economic Opportunity Act*
Election of 1964—Republican Barry Goldwater believes govt. should not help with poverty and discrimination; should use atomic bombs on Cuba and Vietnam
Americans have more confidence in LBJ—he wins
THE GREAT SOCIETY
BUILDING THE GREAT SOCIETY
The Great Society*
1. Provides one bill. in federal aid to schools to purchase books and library materials
2. Medicare and Medicaid*
3. HUD—rent or housing is based on income
4. Immigration Act of 1965*
5. Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring inspires the Water Quality Act of 1965—states need to clean up rivers
6. Safety standards increase for food, cars and tires
THE GREAT SOCIETY
REFORMS OF THE WARREN COURT
Warren Court*
Landmark decisions such as Brown v. Board of Ed., banning prayer in schools, freedom of speech with wearing black arm bands, limiting the power of communities to censor books and films
Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims—”one person, one vote”
Mapp v. Ohio—evidence seized illegally cannot be used in state courts
Gideon v. Wainwright*
Escebedo v. Illinois*
Miranda v. Arizona*
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