chapter 2 dialectology & language variation nothing is permanent but change heraclitus
Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Whenever we speak…
Language StrategicCompetence Competence
Organizational Pragmatic Competence Competence
Grammatical Textual Illocutionary Sociolinguistic Competence Competence Competence Competence
Vocabulary Cohesion Rhetorical Dialect CulturalOrganization
References Syntax Register
MorphologyFunctional
Phonology Abilities
The cartoon in the previous slide focuses on which aspect of dialectal difference?
A. VocabularyB. Morphology C. PhonologyD. SyntaxE. All of the above
Isogloss Map• Created from multiple
individual responses
• Indicator of dialectal tendencies
• NOT intended to capture distinct lines between groups of speakers
• Dialect boundaries often geographic, political
Dialectology – Vocab/Concepts
Focal (urban) vs. relic (rural) areas Diachronic Change Family Tree
William Labov Linguistic variable / Marker
Markers
Grammar Don’t have any Ain’t got none
Word Choice y’all, yous, your’en, you them
Pronunciation
Variation on a Theme…
Dialect (Regional) Sociolect (Social) Ideolect (Individual)
Provide examples of each…
Did Ja Git It?
The dropping of “r” in “car”, “park”, etc in London and other parts of England is an example of which type of variation?
A. DialectB. Sociolect C. IdiolectD. All of the above
Data Collection & Analysis Sampling Techniques
Random – “Best”…? Judgment Stratified
Variables Dependant Independent Research Question (not in text) Null hypothesis (not in text)
Questionnaires
Start thinking about
your final project NOW
Application
What linguistic variables might be fun to look at in South Carolina? How would you expect them to vary by location, social class, and/or situation? 50¢ there ???
Whaddya Think?
I am a “Typical South Carolinian”…
Is there any such thing as a “Typical South Carolinian”?
Pronunciation Variation:
A. Follows identifiable rulesB. Follows fuzzy isoglossesC. Tends to occur between similar soundsD. Tends to compromise between dialectsE. All of the above
Transplanted People
Focusingcreation of a newdialect from select features of a set…Tends to favor one or two of themost prominent or powerfuldialects
Mixingfeatures from multiple dialects(though not equally, cf. focusing…)
Levelingmixed and focused features are typically not purely any former language/dialect, but compromised adaptations
New Dialect/
Language
Rural Dialectology Today…
Focus on Vocabulary Passive understanding Idiosyncratic knowledge Metaphorical/idiomatic usage Mainstream Slang Older users don’t think youngsters ‘get
it’ Grammar & Phonology
Slower to change…
Challenges for Dialectologists Prosody
Rhythm, pitch, intonation, voice quality Acquired early in childhood
Articulatory Setting Dialect (Boiling Springs) // Language
(Cherokee)
Discourse Style Particles (uh, yeah, y’know…)
Register
Did Ja Git It?
Which of the following is NOT a type of language variation?
A. PersonalB. RegionalC. Social D. Temporal E. All of the above are variation types
Did Ja Git It?
Which is an example of a “marker”?
A. /l/ in the past tense in Indian languages
B. “pail” vs. “bucket” in England C. “threw” vs. “throwed” in MissouriD. [ol] vs. [oil] in the South CarolinaE. All of the above are markers
Did Ja Git It?
Isoglosses are:A. Fixed boundaries between dialectsB. Typically wide, straight linesC. Primarily based on political linesD. Based on single &/or multiple
markersE. None of the above
Did Ja Git It?
Dialects tend to: A. Stay stagnate for long periods of timeB. Spread across areas in even wavesC. Jump from one urban center to
anotherD. Be affected by geographic featuresE. Both C and D are true
Did Ja Git It?
Traditional Dialectology: A. Focused on urban areasB. Surveyed nearly all people in target
areasC. Have been done for over 100 yearsD. Employed only professional linguistsE. Both A and C are correct
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