chapter 2 cells bill nye cell video 23 min
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Chapter 2
Cellshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rxq0Kqw327s bill nye cell video 23 min
Standards to master: Chapter2 Standard #1: Cell Theory (7.S.3.3.2)
Know men who contributed to cell theory
Define the cell theory
Standard #2: Microscope (7.S.3.3.1)
Types of microscopes used
Know how to use microscope on a basic level
Standard #3: Cell Parts & Function (7.S.3.3.1) (7.S.1.1.3) (7.S.1.2.3) (7.S.1.6.2)
(7.S.1.6.3)
Identify and name cell organelles
Know function of cell organelles
Compare and contrast plant and animal cell
Vocabulary Words to Know:
Cells
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Organelle
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
vacuole
Tissue
Organ
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Cell theory
Host cell
Microscopes:
Compound light microscope is what we use in school.
Makes objects bigger using lenses and light.
Magnifies up to 1000x – 2000x Can view living things Electron microscopes are used
when objects are too small to be seen with compound light microscope
Cell Theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU
Scientists who
contributed to Cell Theory:
Scientist Year What did he contribute?
1600’s
1st microscope invented
Robert Hooke
1665 Discovered cellular composition of corkCreated the word “cell”
Anton Leeuwenhoe
k
1674 Improved microscopesDiscovered “Animalcules” (microorganisms under
microscope)Discovered Bacteria sample in mouth
Matthias Schleiden
1838 Discovered plants made up of cellsCo-founder of cell theory
Theodor Schwann
1839 Discovered animals were made up of cellsCo-founder of cell theory
Rudolph Virchow
1855 Stated all living things come from other living things
Scientists & the CELL THEORY:
Robert Hook: 1665 (British)
Originator of the word “cell”
Study thin slice of cork In the cork he saw cell
wall (plant cell)
Antony van Leeuwenhoek: 1673 (Dutchman)
Father of Microbiology Improve microscope Discovered “Animalcules”
which are microorganisms under the microscope
Matthias Schleiden: 1838 (German)
Study plant with microscopes
Discovered plants made of cells.
Co-founder of modern cell theory (cell basic unit of living things)
Theodor Schwann: 1839 (German)
Co-founder of cell theory
Discovered animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow: 1858 (German)
“Every cell originates from an existing cell”
Application of the cell theory to explain the effects of disease in the cell.
Cell structure: Common cell traits:
1) Cell smallest unit capable of performing life function
2) All cells have cell membrane & cytoplasm
3) Cells come in many sizes & shapes (tell function)
From cell to organism: Tissue: group of similar cells working together to do 1 job
Organ: structure made of 2 or more different types of tissues that work together to do job.
Organ system: Group of organs working together to perform certain function.
2 Categories of Cells:1) Prokaryotes:
Cells without Nucleus Unicellular organisms No internal membrane
bound structures Single chromosome (DNA)
called nucleoid Example = E. coli Bacteria
2) Eukaryotes:
Cells with Nucleus Unicellular or
multicellular Have many kinds of
tissue made up of different cell types
Example: Plant & Animal & Protists
Difference between plant and Animal cells:
Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cell wall No cell wall
Chloroplast (chlorophyll)
No chloroplast (chlorophyll)
Vacuole bigger Vacuole smaller
Cell Partshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8 cell organelle rap song
Cell Wall:
This ridged structure made of cellulose surrounds a plant cell membrane & supports and protects it.
Like a door lets some things in & out and not others
Cell Membrane: A selectively permeable outer boundary of
the cell that controls what enters and leaves.
protective layer around ALL cells Inside cell wall (if cell has one)
Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane.
Most cell life processes happen here
Organelles:
In cytoplasm Structures in cell that carry out specific jobs.
Like the machines in a factory
Nucleus: Directs all cell activities The brains of cell Contains instructions
(DNA) for everything cell does
Chromosomes:Strands of DNA found in the
nucleus.Blueprint or instructions for what
product cell is producing
RNA: Foreman or Boss carries out
instructions on blueprints.
Chloroplast: It’s job is to trap
sunlight & change it into sugar.
Only in plant cells
Mitochondria:
The Power House of the cell. It’s job is to break down food
molecules and release energy.
Ribosomes:
It’s job is to make protein. Worker bees of cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): It’s job is to move materials around WITHIN the cell.
Series of folded membranes
2 types of ER:
1) Rough ER: has ribosomes attached
2) Smooth ER: no ribosomes attached
Golgi Body (Apparatus): It’s job is to package and move protein to
the OUTSIDE of the cell. Stacked flat membrane
Vesicles:
The Package protein is in
small, membrane-bound spheres whose contents are isolated from the surrounding cytoplasm
Vacuoles: Storage area in cell for water
and food. Plant cell vacuole much
larger than animal.
Lysosome: This organelle contains chemicals to digest cell
waste and worn out cell parts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKEaTt9heNM6 minute animation of cell and organelles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4L_QO4WKtMGuy talking cell as factory very good
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