chapter 13 – the rise of mass democracy part c. political parties “democrats” jackson’s...
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Chapter 13 – The Rise of Mass Democracy
Part C
Political Parties
“Democrats” Jackson’s Democratic-Republicans’
Opponents of Jackson – “Whigs” 18th Century British Party Clay, Webster, & Calhoun Supported: government programs & reforms, internal
improvements, institutions, market economy
Election of 1836
Candidates Martin Van Buren – Jackson’s
Secretary of State Whigs nominated several
candidates – main one General Henry Harrison (OH)
Van Buren “Little Magician” won
Martin Van Buren – 8th President
First to be born “under the American flag” New Yorker “machine-made candidate” Inherited Jackson’s problems & enemies Problems during Presidency:
Canadian Rebellion 1837 Anti-slavery movement in North Possible annexation of Texas Economic panic
Economic Troubles
Panic of 1837 caused by: speculation “land-office business” on borrowed money Jackson’s finances Bank War Specie Circular Poor wheat crops British banks demanded the repayment of loans
“Europe’s economic distresses have often been America’s distresses”
Economic Troubles (continued)
Effects: Banks collapsed Sale of lands decreased Factories closed – unemployment increased
Whigs proposed expansion of bank credit, higher tariffs, internal improvements
Van Buren did not want to intervene in economy “Divorce Bill” – government would remove its funds
from the banks and deposit them in an independent treasury Faced opposition 1840 Independent Treasury Bill passed, but repealed 1841 Paved way for Federal Reserve System – 1900s
Texas
1819 U.S. agreed to leave Texas alone in exchange for Spain
Mexico gained independence 1821 1828 Mexico made agreement with Stephen Austin to
bring 300 families Must be Roman Catholic & become “Mexicanized”
Texan-Americans GTT – “Gone to Texas” Davie Crockett, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston Mexicans & Texans disagreed over slavery,
immigration, local rights Texans continued slavery!
Texan Rebellion
1836 declared independence – “Lone Star Republic” Santa Anna sent troops to Texas
Battle of the Alamo – “Remember the Alamo” Battle of San Jacinto
Texans captured Santa Anna Treaty
Mexico redrew troops Rio Grande set as Texas border (later declared illegal)
Received help from U.S. Independent state or part of union?
**slavery**
Battle of the Alamo
Election of 1840
Martin Van Buren – Democrat William Henry Harrison – Whig
Whigs used log cabins & hard cider as symbols “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” (John Tyler)
Winner?
Results
Populist democratic style Common man at center – diving right of the people! Two-Party System
Democrats Liberty of individual Against privilege of govt States’ rights
Whigs Harmony of society Value of community Use government to help people More govt involvement in economy Reform movements
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