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Chapter 11 Jeopardy

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Genetic Variation & Natural Selection

Other Mechanisms of Evolution

Hardy-Weinberg & Speciation through

Isolation

Patterns in Evolution

Chapter 10

Final Jeopardy

What is the difference between microevolution and

macroevolution?

2

Microevolution – evolution of a small population of organisms

Macroevolution – evolution of an entire species world-wide

3

4

What term refers to the measure of how common a certain allele occurs

in a population?

5

Allele Frequency

6

What term refers to the combined alleles of all the members of a population?

7

Gene Pool

8

What are the two main sources of genetic variation in

organisms?

9

Mutations and recombination events during meiosis

10

What types of selection are shown in the following figures?

11

Stabilizing Directional Disruptive

12

What term refers to the change in allele frequencies in a

population over time?

13

Genetic Drift

14

The movement of genes from one population to

another is called…

15

Gene flow

16

What are the two types of sexual selection? Provide an

example of each type.

17 Intrasexual – when two males compete for the chance to mate with a female (two deer bucking heads)

Intersexual – when a male does something to impress a female for

the purpose of mating (male feather displays for female birds)

What is the difference between the founder effect and the

bottleneck effect?

18

19 Founder Effect – genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area

Bottleneck Effect – genetic drift that occurs after an event

drastically reduces the size of a population

Sexual selection and natural selection are often at odds with

each other. What is the difference between these forms of selection and how may they work in opposite ways on the

body plans of organisms?

20

21Sexual selection – developing traits that increase mating success

Natural selection – developing traits that increase survivability

A trait that increases mating success may also reduce the chances that an

organism may avoid predation

22

What is the Hardy-Weinberg

equation used to predict?

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

23

Genotype frequencies in a population

24

When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg

equilibrium, it mean they are not….

25

Evolving!!!

26

Define Speciation

27

The rise of two or more species from one existing species

28Which of the following scenarios must a population exhibit in order to be in

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

1.Lots of immigration & emigration2.Some individuals have advantageous

traits3.High mutation rates

4.Extremely large population

29

Extremely large population

30

Speciation through isolation can occur due to 4 possible

barriers. What are these 4 types of isolation?

31

ReproductiveBehavioralGeographicTemporal

32

The elimination of a species from earth

33

Extinction

34

The process by which two species evolve as a response to each other is known as…

35

Coevolution

36

There is a pattern in the history of life. Bursts of evolutionary activity are

followed by long periods of stability. This pattern is described by the theory

of…….

37

Punctuated equilibrium

38

Define adaptive radiation

39

The diversification of one ancestral species into many

descendant species

40

What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?

41

Convergent – evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated

organisms

Divergent – when closely related species evolve in different directions

42

Remnants of organs or structures that had a function

in an early ancestor

37

Vestigial structures

44

A term used to describe how well an organism is able to

survive and pass its genes on to the next generation

45

Fitness

46

What term refers to the distribution of organisms around

the world?

47

Biogeography

48

What is the difference between homologous and analogous

structures? Which one shows an evolutionary relationship?

49Homologous – similar structure, but different function. This shows an

evolutionary relationship

Analogous – similar function, but structurally very different. Does not

show any sort of evolutionary relationship

50

What are the 4 main principles of natural

selection?

51

VariationOverproduction

AdaptationDescent with modification

52

What 5 conditions must be met for a population to be considered to be in Hardy-

Weinberg Equilibrium?

53

Very large populationNo gene flowNo mutations

No sexual selectionNo natural selection