chapter 10 -vlsm
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Switching Basics and Switching Basics and Intermediate RoutingIntermediate Routing
CLASSLESS ROUTINGCLASSLESS ROUTING
TS, PHẠM VĂN TÍNHTS, PHẠM VĂN TÍNH
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ObjectivesObjectives•Define VLSM and briefly describe the reasons for its use •Divide a major network into subnets of different sizes using VLSM •Define route aggregation and summarization as they relate to VLSM •Configure a router using VLSM • Identify the key features of RIP v1 and RIP v2 • Identify the important differences between RIP v1 and RIP v2 •Configure RIP v2 •Verify and troubleshoot RIP v2 operation •Configure default routes using the ip route and ip default-network commands
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Variable-Length Subnet Masking Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)(VLSM)
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Issues with IP AddressingIssues with IP Addressing
• IP addressing crisis• As early as 1992, the IETF identified two
specific concerns:– IP address exhaustion–Routing table growth
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
Internet
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IP Addressing SolutionsIP Addressing Solutions
• Short term to extension to IPv4– Subneting masking: RFCs 950, 1812– Variable-Length Subnet Masks: RFC 1812 – Classless InterDomain Routing: RFCs 1518,
1519, 2050– Address allocation for private Internets: RFC
1918– Network Address Translation: RFC 1631– Route summarization: RFC 1518
• Ultimate solution: IPv6 128-bit address space
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What is VLSM ?What is VLSM ?
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VLSM is supportedVLSM is supported
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).• Integrated Intermediate System to
Intermediate System (Integrated IS-IS).• Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol (EIGRP).• RIP v2.• Static routing.
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A waste of space A waste of space
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When to use VLSM? When to use VLSM?
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Sub - SubnetsSub - Subnets
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Calculating subnets with VLSM Calculating subnets with VLSM
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VLSM ExampleVLSM Example
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Calculating subnets with VLSMCalculating subnets with VLSM
192.168.10.0/24.
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Calculating subnets with VLSMCalculating subnets with VLSM
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Route aggregation with VLSMRoute aggregation with VLSM
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Route summarization exampleRoute summarization example
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Configuring VLSMConfiguring VLSM
60 Hosts 12 Hosts 12 Hosts
192.168.10.0/24
KL
SydneyPerth Singapore
192.168.10.64/27
192.168.10.128/30192.168.10.132/30
192.168.10.136/30
28 Hosts
192.168.10.0/26 192.168.10.96/28 192.168.10.112/28
S010.138
S0 10.137
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RIP Version 2RIP Version 2
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RIP v1: RIP v1: CharacteristicsCharacteristics • IGP protocol, is classful routing.• It is a distance vector protocol that uses a hop
count metric. • The maximum number of hops is 15. • By default, routing updates are broadcast every
30 seconds.• The router applies the one subnet mask that is
configured on the receiving interface to receive network information.
• Load balancing over as many as six equal-cost paths, with four paths as the default.
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RIP v1: RIP v1: LimitationsLimitations
• It does not send subnet mask information in its updates.
• It sends updates as broadcasts on 255.255.255.255.
• It does not support authentication. • It is not able to support VLSM or classless
interdomain routing (CIDR).
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RIP v1: RIP v1: ConfigurationConfiguration
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RIP v2 features RIP v2 features
• Send out subnet mask information with the route update.
• Support VLSM or classless interdomain routing (CIDR).
• Provides for authentication in its updates.• Provides Multicast routing updates, using the
Class D address 224.0.0.9.• Use external route tags• Routing update is includes a next-hop route ip
address.
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Comparing RIP v1 and v2 Comparing RIP v1 and v2
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RIP v2: RIP v2: ConfigurationConfiguration
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Verifying RIP v2 : Verifying RIP v2 : SHOW IP PROTOCOLSSHOW IP PROTOCOLS
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Verifying RIP v2: Verifying RIP v2: SHOW IP ROUTESHOW IP ROUTE
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Troubleshooting RIP v2 : Troubleshooting RIP v2 : DEBUG IP RIPDEBUG IP RIP
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Default routes Default routes
InternetInternet
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Q&AQ&A
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