chapter 1 notes intro to anatomy and physiology

Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Organization of the Human Body

Chapter 1

What is anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy is the science of body parts and the relationships among structures.

Physiology is the science of body functions and how the body parts work.

Because function can never be separated from structure, these are both studied together.

Each structure of the body is designed for a specific function.

Levels of Organization and Body Systems

The structures of the human body are organized on several levels.

Smallest to largest:Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system,

and organism.

ChemicalIncludes atoms and moleculesCertain atoms are essential for

maintaining life.Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and

calcium are the main ones.DNA is responsible for all the genetic

material in our bodies.

Cellular

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.

Each cell contains organelles which perform specific functions.

Tissues

Tissues are groups of specialized cells that get together to perform a specific function.

There are 4 basic types of tissues.Epithelial, connective, muscle and

nervous

Organ

Organs usually have a recognizable shape, are composed or two or more specific types of tissues, and have a specific function.

Organ systemA system consists of related organs that

have a common function. The organs work together.

Organism

All systems in the body join together to create the organism.

Vocabulary Cards

AnatomyPhysiologyAtomMoleculeCellTissueOrgansystem

What processes do all living organisms have in common?

Life ProcessAll living organisms

Metabolism: sum of all chemical processes

Responsiveness or adaptation: detect and respond to changes in internal or external body

Movement

GrowthDifferentiation: cells become

specialized for specific functionsReproduction

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable environmentBalance constantly adjusted at all

levelsInteraction of systems

Feedback SystemsNegative

Reverses

change

in controlled

system

Positive feedbackStrengthens a change in a controlled

condition

What type of cut is this?

Sagittal cut

What type of cut is this?

transverse

Frontal

What type of cut is this?

What type of cut is this?

oblique

Vocabulary CardsSuperiorInferiorAnteriorPosteriorMedial HomeostasisFeedback

system/loop

LateralProximalDistalSuperficialDeepObliqueSagittalParasagittalFront/coronaltransverse