ch.6 sect.4 i can… analyze principles of self-government and natural rights based on enlightenment...

Ch.6 Sect.4

I Can… analyze principles of self-government and natural rights based on Enlightenment ideas (Magna

Carta/Petition of Rights)

I Can… explain early hints at representative governments using the Petition of Rights and English

Bill of Rights.

MERCANTILISMTRIANGULAR TRADE

Define them

Why did they exist ?

How did they effect the colonies’ economies?

How did they lead to global trade and interdependence?

• 1700’s – Colonists worked from England’s ideas of government but began achieving hints at self-government…

oMagna Carta, 1215oMayflower Compact, 1620oPetition of Right, 1628oEnglish Bill or Rights, 1688• These will all play a big role in state constitutions and our nation’s constitution!

oUS Constitution, 1788oUS Bill of Rights, 1791

Rights and English Law

1761 – Boston Courts supported a government plan to use blank search warrants to control colonial smuggling.• signed by a judge, a search warrant gives

officials the right to search a person’s property for a specific item.

English colonists began relying on English law to protect them in the colonies since they were still English citizens… 3 major documents applied…

MAGNA CARTA• English nobles forced King John to

sign the Magna Carta which limited the king’s power.oStated that nobles and free men

should be heard/punished by their equals (trial by jury).

oStated the king would consult the Council about taxes and other important matters (check and balances).

PETITION OF RIGHT

• In reaction to King Charles taxing the people without the consent of Parliament the people protested and forced Charles to sign the Petition of Right:o Stated that the people could not be taxed

without the consent of Parliamento Martial Law: temporary military power in time

of war, not peace.o Habeas Corpus: protects against illegal

imprisonment; people have to be told what they are being thrown in jail for and be given a court appearance.

“To the Kings most Excellent Majesty,”

Habeas Corpus Martial Law No Taxation without Parliament consent

ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS

• In response to King James II using absolute control, King William and Queen Mary accepted the English Bill of Rights:o Elections for Parliament were to be held

often.oAllowed citizens to bear arms for

defense.o Forbid cruel and unusual punishment.oGuaranteed right to trial by jury.

Right to petition

Right to bear arms

US Constitution’s Bill of Rights

Colonial Rights• Limited Monarchy: the ruler does not

have complete power… it is limited.oBy 1600’s England was, and still is, a

limited monarchy.

• English colonists claimed the same rights as people living in England.

• By 1750 English colonists had more freedom and rights than people elsewhere in the Americas or in Europe.

Colonial Government: was

modeled after English government.• Charters promised colonists trial by jury and

petition to the Crown.• Rights of Indians go unprotected.

• Colonies were governed in 1 of 3 ways:o Royal colony 8 – governed by an official

picked by the king.o Proprietary colony 3 – government by the

person that funded the colony.o Self-governed/charter colony 2 – governed

by a representative legislature voted by the colonists.

• Land-owning men were the voters & representatives.

Colonial Government cont.

• Each colony had courts.• Laws passed by England’s Parliament had to be

obeyed by colonists (including taxes! And the Navigation Act!)

• Local affairs, colonial controlo Colonial legislatures were bicameral: 2 houses;

upper & lowero NE: town meetings, public votingo S: county authorities made decisionso M: mixture of town mtgs. and county govt.

P.Zenger’s, a German immigrant printer.

His trial led to a court ruling for a free, but

responsible press/media.

Political Power- Freedom of the press- Libel- Trial by jury

Bacon’s Rebellion- N.Bacon, a wealthy VA

landowner led a group against the Indians after being raided.- Led to elections!

- Led a group to Jamestown after the governor.- Led to English soldiers

entering VA and rebellion hangings.