ch. 20: world war ii and the holocaust a look back created by: ruben garcia

Ch. 20: World War II and the Holocaust

A Look Back

Created by: Ruben Garcia

It’s come back!

World War II and the Holocaust

1939-1945

Combatants

•WWII was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945

• It involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers,

•It was organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis.

World War II

• It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilized.

• Large numbers of civilians were harmed, the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity.

• The only use of nuclear weapons in warfare,

• It was the deadliest conflict in human history, with over seventy million dead.

Hitler’s War machine

• Hitler promises Germany that he can bring it back to its once glorious status.

• Weakened by hunger and depression, many people believe him and join the Nazi party.

•It is fueled by anger and resentment from the humiliating defeat of World War 1.

Path to War

• Hitler slowly begins invading lands that were taken from Germany at the end of World War 1.

• Hitler also begins rebuilding their military, even though it violated the WWI treaty.

Men of War

• Adolf Hitler- Germany

• Benito Mussolini- Italy

• Francisco Franco- Spain

• General Hideki Tojo- Japan

RussiaAxisAlliesNeutral England

France

Italy

Spain

Russia

Germany

Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

• At 06:05 on December 7, six Japanese carriers launched 183 planes composed mainly of dive bombers, horizontal bombers and fighters.

• The Japanese hit American ships and military installations at 07:51.

• Overall, 9 ships of the U.S. fleet were sunk and 21 ships were severely damaged.

• The death toll reached 2,350, including 68 civilians

USS Arizona

Declaration of War!• President Franklin Roosevelt declares war

on Japan, Dec. 8th 1941.• Once again, the U.S. enters a World War.

Hitler officially declares war on the U.S., 1941

United States involvement• The United States involvement boosts

moral for weakened European nations.• Battles wage throughout Europe and

Asia. • Allies coordinate battle plans and slowly

begin pushing Hitler’s war machine back.

D-Day

• The Normandy landings were the landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy.

• The landings commenced on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (D-Day), beginning at 6:30 AM.

• The landing would prove to be the turning point of the War.

D- DAY

• The operation was the largest amphibious invasion of all time.

• Over 175,000 troops land on June 6th, 1944.

• 195,700 Allied naval and merchant navy personnel in over 5,000 ships were involved.

“All warfare is based on deception.” –Sun Tzu, The Art of War

“Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.”

-Sun Tzu, The Art of War

• “You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.”

—Eisenhower, Letter to U.S. Army

Allied Invasion of Normandy

“As our boat touched sand and the ramp went down, I became a visitor to hell.”

Pvt. Charles Neighbor, 29th division, Omaha Beach

The Sherman Tank

• Named after Civil War General William T. Sherman.

• Was rapidly produced, helped punch through enemy lines.

NO MERCY!

•Harnessing the power of the atom, American scientist create the deadliest weapon known to man.

•Its creation and use, eventually lead to the Cold War.

• In order to save an estimated 1 million soldiers, President Truman authorized the use of the Atomic Bomb

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

Enough

• Soon after the 2nd bomb was dropped, Japan surrendered.

• Rather than be captured by the Allies, Hitler committed suicide.

Aftermath of War

• The war ended with the victory of the Allies in 1945, leaving the political alignment and social structure of the world significantly changed.

• The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next forty-six years.

• Soon after their surrender, the monstrous acts committed by the Japanese and Germans came to light.

The Big Three

• England, Russia and the U.S. divide Germany into 4 districts.

• The German capital, Berlin, is also divided.

• Stalin builds a wall to keep the West out.

Genocide

• Nazi forces engaged in numerous violent acts during the war:

• The systematic murder of as many as 17 million civilians,

• an estimated six million of whom were Jews targeted in the Holocaust.

• between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Gypsies were also executed.

• Others targeted included ethnic Poles, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, people with disabilities, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other political and religious opponents.

http://www.ushmm.org/

Work sets you free

Right, Slave LaborLeft, Gas Chamber

• Another improvement we made over Treblinka was that we built our gas chambers to accommodate 2,000 people at one time, whereas at Treblinka their 10 gas chambers only accommodated 200 people each. The way we selected our victims was as follows: we had two SS doctors on duty at Auschwitz to examine the incoming transports of prisoners. The prisoners would be marched by one of the doctors who would make spot decisions as they walked by. Those who were fit for work were sent into the Camp. Others were sent immediately to the extermination plants. Children of tender years were invariably exterminated, since by reason of their youth they were unable to work. Still another improvement we made over Treblinka was that at Treblinka the victims almost always knew that they were to be exterminated and at Auschwitz we endeavored to fool the victims into thinking that they were to go through a delousing process. Of course, frequently they realized our true intentions and we sometimes had riots and difficulties due to that fact. Very frequently women would hide their children under the clothes but of course when we found them we would send the children in to be exterminated. We were required to carry out these exterminations in secrecy but of course the foul and nauseating stench from the continuous burning of bodies permeated the entire area and all of the people living in the surrounding communities knew that exterminations were going on at Auschwitz.

– Rudolf Höss, Auschwitz camp commandant, Nuremberg testimony.

Crime against Humanity

• Shiro Ishii- Unit731

•Josef Mengele- Auschwitz

Aftermath

• The United Nations was established to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts.

The U.N.• Wartime poster for the

United Nations, created in 1942 by the U.S. Office of War Information, showing the 26 members of the alliance