ch 19 internal troubles, external threats - asia and ott
Post on 19-Mar-2017
46 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 19Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, Ottoman Empire, and Japan 1800-1914
European Aggressions------------------------------------------------------
Industrial Economies needed1. Resources2. Markets3. Employment
“Scientific” Racismsuperior and inferior “child races”
A “Civilizing Mission”children and parents
British AuthorRudyard Kipling
(1865-1936)The White
Man’s Burden
Social DarwinismHerbert Spencer applied“Survival of the fittest” humans
China’s Century of Crisis
Strong economy and new crops = population
growth430 mil+ by 1850s
but…
Qing Dynasty
Govt unable to provide for and manage growing population
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
corruption and abuse
bandits, rebellions, and disorder
Hong Xiuquan
“younger brother of
Jesus”
Taiping Rebellion1850-1864
Wanted total societal change
Anti-Manchu
Wealthy gentry feared radical change(sound familiar?)
Rebellion failed, but weakened Qing
Qing China was self-sufficient and actively limited European trade
Outside Threats
British imported more than they exported, until…
British opium from India
China outlawed opium and destroyed shipments
Commissioner Lin Zexu, letter to British Queen Victoria, 1839
“Suppose the subject of another country were to come to England to trade, he would certainly be required to comply with the laws of England… Now it is a fixed statue of this empire, that any native Chinese who sells opium is punishable with death... Pause and reflect for a moment: if you foreigners did not bring the opium hither, where should our Chinese people get it to re-sell?
Our celestial empire rules over ten thousand kingdoms! Most surely do we possess a measure of godlike majesty which you cannot fathom! Still we cannot bear to slay or exterminate without previous warnings, and it is for this reason that we now clearly make know to you the fixed laws of our land.”
Opium Wars1839-1842 and 1856-1860
Qing no match for industrialized UK
1842 Treaty of NankingChina paid millions and Britain gained trade ports and Hong Kong (until 1997)
Foreign powers
pounced on China
Boxer Rebellion: 1899-1901anti-foreigner nationalistic movement
Killed westerners
and westernized
Chinese
Empress Dowager
Cixi (1835-1908)
supported the Boxers
Eight-Nation Alliance defeated Boxers
Educated modernizers Pushed anti-Qing
Chinese nationalism
------------------------------------------
Sun Yat-sen(1866-1925)
“Revive China Society”and 1911 Revolution
Emperor Puyi(1906-1967)
The Last Emperor of
China(1908-1924)
Fall of the Qing Dynasty1912 Creation of a Republic
Republic of China 1912-1949
flag 1912-1928 flag 1928-now(in exile in Taiwan)
Puyi as Emperor of Japanese puppet state Manchukuo 1932-1945
Ottoman Empire: The Sick ManLosses to Russia, UK, France and rebellions
Sultan Selim III’s modernizing
reforms blocked by conservative uluma and Janissaries
*murdered in 1808
Tanzimat Reforms 1839-1876 modernize to save the empire
industry, education, rights to non-Muslims
Young Ottomans and Young Turks pushed more aggressive reforms
1908 coup = power to Young Turks
Westernization and
Secularization
antagonized many, but laid foundation for modern Turkey
The Opening of Japan
1600-1868 Tokugawa Shogunate ruled an
Isolated and urbanized Japan
Increasingly corrupt and ineffective
Samurai culture in a time a peace. Effects?
Samurai: Privileged, but often poorMerchants: Wealthy, but not respectedPeasants: Poor and prone to outbursts
Commodore Matthew Perry
(1794-1858)Sent to open US trade with Japan
(President Fillmore)
1853 Perry made demands, gave gifts, and
displayed military might
“Foreign devils”
1854 Treaty of Kanagawaopened 2 ports to the US and consulate
concessions angered conservatives
1868-1869 Boshin Civil War over the Shoguns weakness in opening to foreigners
Emperor restored to power and Shogunate ended
Meiji Restoration 1868-1912
Emperor Meiji(1852-1912)
Eliminated old feudal order and
created a national government
Studied US and European Governments
Ito Hirobumi
German style parliament (Diet)
Military modernization and draft
1877 Satsuma Rebellionfailed to preserve samurai
Many elites retained powerful positions
Westernization mixed with Japanese traditions
Western education with Confucianism and Shinto over Christianity
Govt supported industrialization
Japanese ImperialismRyukyu Islands, Taiwan, Manchuria, Korea
1894-1895 Sino-Japanese War Japan invaded Korea and defeated China
Chinese general surrendering to Japan
1895 Japanese assassins killed Korean Empress
Myeongseong
1905Katzura-Taft Agreement
Japan = KoreaUSA = Philippines
Japan ruled Korea 1910-1945 “Cultural Genocide”
1905 Russo-Japanese War
Tsarist Army Returns from Russo-Japanese War
Empire of Japan
---------------------Oppressor to
someInspiration to
others
top related