ch 14 a glucose regulation
Post on 06-Jul-2018
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
1/22
Blood Glucose
Homeostasis
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
2/22
Homeostasis
…is a set of feedback mechanisms thatkeep physiological parameters oforganisms within a narrowlydefned limit
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
3/22
Blood glucose homeostasis
• Top threshold: 110 mg/dl
• Bottom threshold: 0mg/dl
Hyperglycemia: concentrations abo!e110 mg/dl
Hypoglycemia: concentrations below0 mg/dl
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
4/22
"mportance of blood glucosehomeostasis
Brain uses #$% of blood glucose& "t isdependent on stable glucose le!els'
•
Hypoglycemia: leads to coma/death•Hyperglycemia leads to long termdamage of eyes( blood !essel( organs)kidney*
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
5/22
+ancreas carries out Blood GlucoseHomeostasis
two hormones used for regulation1&"nsulin#&Glucagon
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
6/22
+ancreas regulates blood sugar
• β-cells produce Insulin
• α-cells produce Glucagon
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
7/22
Insulin
• Lowers blood glucose levels!!!
• "s released when blood glucose rises
above110 mg/dl
• ,orces li!er and muscles to take upglucose from blood stream
•
,orces li!er to make glycogen)animal starch* by linking glucosemolecule together
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
8/22
Glucagon
• Raises blood glucose
• "s released when blood glucose falls
below 0 mg/dl
• forces li!er break down glycogen intoglucose and release it into the bloodstream
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
9/22
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
10/22
Diabetes•
-hronic hyperglycemia• blood glucose le!els abo!e 1.0 mg/dl
• Two types of diabetes
iabetes ": no "nsulin: death of β-cellsfrom autoimmune disease
iabetes "": 1& "nsulin esistance:
muscle( li!er do not take up glucosedue to chronic insulin o!erdose #&"nsulin 2haustion like B"
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
11/22
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
12/22
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
13/22
-ross section of thepancreas
Healthy insulin
producing cells
ead cells
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
14/22
Glycemic "nde2 of ,oods
Glycemic index is a measure howmuch certain food spikes "nsulin
,ats comple2 re3ned
proteins carbs carbs
4ow high
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
15/22
Getting o5 the "nsulinollercoaster
• -onsumption of sweets produces large6uctuations of blood sugar
• High highs followed by low lows produce
sugar cra!ings/addiction
"ns Glu "ns Glu "ns
…………………………………………………………&&
……………………………………………………………&
cra!ings cra!ings
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
16/22
iet with low glycemic foods
• ,ats/proteins: nuts( legumes( somedairy( some meat
• +roduce less steep rises and falls
• ………………………………………………
…………&&• ………………………………………………
…………&&
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
17/22
CDC Diabetes is te "astestGrowing #pidemic in te $%
• #$&7 million people in the 8nited9tates ha!e diabetes 7&.% of the
population• "f current trends continue( this rate
will ha!e grown to .0% by #0$0&
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
18/22
• ;mong adults( diabetes is the leading
cause of new cases of blindness( kidneyfailure( and amputations of feet and legsnot related to accidents or in
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
19/22
=utritionalecommendation1& >our diet should consist to 70% of low
glycemic foods&
#& ;!oid products containing the ?@hitesAre3ned sugar and re3ned( white 6our
.& egetables and proteins/fat: legumes(some dairy( some meat( oils/fats* shouldmake up the bulk of what you eat
C& "f you are healthy fruits are ok( but lessthan !egetables )know: smoothies Dcandy: high glycemic( 3bers are destroyedor remo!ed*
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
20/22
4ifestyle ecommendations
• #xercise has a huge e5ect inbalancing "nsulin
• Eaintain a ealty weigt: body fatalone raises insulin le!els
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
21/22
@hat about arti3cialsweetenersF
• ;rti3cial sweetners ha!e no calories
• They stimulate the insulin rollercoaster'''
• They lead to weight gain
• They lead to in6ammatory e!ents
stimulating heart disease andpossible cancer
-
8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation
22/22
iabetes ideos
• !er!iew
• blood glucose animation
•
belly fat diabetes link• diabetes rap
• childhood obesityF
top related