ch 13
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Chapter 13
Inmate Rights Inmates filed more and more lawsuits
Prisoner Litigation Reform Act: 1995
-limit recreational litigation
Inmate RightsRetained:-full rights like citizen
Lost:-wholly w/o rights -except those expressly outlined
Inmate RightsUS Constitution: Bill of rights-rights protected
Writ of Habeas Corpus: -judicial mandate -inmate brought before court-determine legality of confinement
Ex post facto laws: unconstitutional-retroactively change laws
Inmate Rights8th Amendment:-cruel and unusual punishment
-define?
-flexible
-broadens as society changes
Inmate Rights14th Amendment: individual rights (1868)-theory of incorporation
-due process clause
-”no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law”
-”equal protection under the law”
Inmate RightsWolff v. McDonnell: 1974
-discipline
-24 hour notice of hearings-written notice of evidence/facts-call witnesses/documentary evidence in defense-impartial/fair hearing*-no right to cross examine/have counsel
Inmate RightsEqual Protection Clause:-used by inmates
-government not required to treat everyone alike
-forbids unjustified/malicious discrimination/classification
-gender/race based decisions
-religion freedom
Inmate RightsCivil Rights Act of 1871:-personal/natural rights
-protect vs
-arbitrary/discriminatory treatment
-some not mentioned in Constitution recognized by Supreme Court
Inmate RightsHands off Doctrine: 1960’s-rights-policy/statute
-no outside scrutiny
-1871 Virginia law-inmates “slaves of the state”
-leave to experts-separation of powers-society apathetic
Inmate RightsIntervention Doctrine: Mid 1960’s-Federal Courts looking at claims
-rights-religion/privacy/communication/safety/due process
-Cooper v. Pate (1964)Muslim inmate Denied access to Qur’an/readingsPrison officials has to explain actionsChristian inmates allowed access to bibleCourt: half for inmates/prison
End of hands off doctrine!!
Inmate RightsNominal Doctrine:-middle ground between hands off and full intervention of
1980’s
-Bell v. Wolfish -Rehnquist: refers to “time not so long ago…hands off
approach”-limit to:Violation of US Constitution or statute
Inmate RightsAccess to courts: basic right
1. how approach
2. Knowledge to make access effective
Inmate RightsPrison Litigation Reform Act:->40,000 per year/taxpayer expense
1. Limit ability to complain-conditions of confinement2. Give states more authority to run prisons
Provisions:1. Frequent flyer-Inmates pay full $150 fee2. 3 strikes-frivolous 3 times3. Exhausted remedies-exhaust all administrative remedies
Inmate RightsLegal assistance:-law libraries
-jailhouse lawyers
-train inmates as writ writers/under lawyer supervision
-computer programs
Inmate RightsReligion: Fundamental right of Constitution:-”respecting establishment of religion”-”prohibiting the free exercise thereof”
Federal Courts:-facilities/allow clergy -does state supply clergy? Violates establishment clause
Reluctant to restrict religious freedom:-security of prison
-prison authority/discretion-economic reasons
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