ch 1. the profession of transp. engineering know that transportation is a derived demand understand...
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Ch 1. The Profession of Transp. Engineering
Know that transportation is a derived demand Understand that the quality of transportation
services will affect the economic growth Be able to identify some of the social benefits
and costs of transportation Understand that balanced intermodal
transportation systems are necessary to reduce social costs
Understand that public policies affect the direction of transportation development
Lecture Objectives:
Transportation and Economic GrowthCouple of statements in page 4 help you understand why providing excellent transportation services are essential for a country.
Good transportation, in and of itself, will not assure success in the market place; however, the absence of excellent transportation services will contribute to failure.
Transportation is a necessary condition for human interaction and economic survival.
Transportation is a necessary element of government services such as delivering mail, defending a nation, and retaining control of its territories.
Transportation systems are developed and built to ensure easy mobilization of armies in the event of a national emergency.
Producers – Transportation Networks – Consumers(Essential links)
Based on an article in the Daily Herald, 8/21/00
NYC
Daikich Sushi
LA
Osamu Corp.
Tuna - the Philippines
Salmon – Chile
Shrimp - Indonesia
Social Costs and Benefits Need for a Balanced Intermodal System
Environmental Disruption (Air, water, noise)
Divided communities
Loss of lives
Loss of lands
Loss of the natural beauty
Breakdown of livable communities
Congestion and delay
Services to rural areas Expanded
mobility
Expanded economic activities
UDOT, I-15/I-215 Interchange
Faster delivery of goods and services
Freeway as an example
Transportation in the U.S.The major contributor to its GNP
Transport Bill as % of the GNP
Transport Bill
0
1000
2000
1960 1980 1990 1993
Year
Bill
ions
% of GNP
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
1960 1980 1990 1993
Year
Pe
rce
nt
Source: Transportation in America, 1993, Eno Foundation
See page 5 of the text for recent values
Highway travel consumes a lot of petroleum
0
20
40
60
80
100
Percentage
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1992 1993
Year
Transport's Share of Total U.S. Demand for Petroleum
% of Transport Demand by Hwy % Transport of Total
Fuel, oil, asphalt 1993: Total=6.23 billion barrelsSource: Transportation in America, 1993, Eno Foundation
Other Facts
Over 80% of eligible drivers have driver’s licenses (185 millions in 1998). About 208 million registered vehicles. Population About 270 millions. (This is probably one reason why so much money is pumped into highways. But is it alright to ignore 20% of the people who are eligible but not able to have licenses? Remember they do pay taxes. Gasoline taxes are used basically for construction of new roads. They are not enough for maintaining/operating highways. They come from other general taxes.)
Travels an average of 12,000 miles/year Transportation industries employ over 11% of work force 14.3
million people in transportation industries in 1998 (11.1% of total employment)
Why automobile travel surged?
Public policies favored automobile travel Successful lobbying by special interests Large public investments (subsidies) in
highway travel and a miniscule amount of public investments in public transit
Unrealistically low out-of-pocket costs (Drivers do not think of the true cost of driving a car.)
Are drivers really paying enough?
UD = User direct costs
UF = User fixed costs
SS = Subsidies
SC = Social costs
EC = Environmental costs
Vuchic, “Transportation for Livable Cities,” p.236
Recent Trend Management of the existing facilities
Less new constructions of highways
Reinvestment in public transit (TRAX for instance)
Intermodalism
Reduction of vehicle kilometers (miles) of travel – VKT or VMT – and delays due to congestion
Intelligent Transportation Systems
Coordination of land use and transportation network
Example of intermodalism in our community (in the near future…)
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