cengel ch12
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CHAPTER
12
Gas Mixtures
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12-1
FIGURE 12-1The mass of a mixture is equal to the sum of the masses of its components.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.FIGURE 12-2The number of moles of a nonreacting mixture is equal to the sum of the number of moles of its components.
12-2
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12-3
FIGURE 12-3The sum of the mole fractions of a mixture is equal to 1.
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12-4
FIGURE 12-5Dalton’s law of additive pressures for a mixture of two ideal gases.
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12-5
FIGURE 12-6Amagat’s law of additive volumes for a mixture of two ideal gases.
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12-6
FIGURE 12-7The volume a component would occupy if it existed alone at the mixture T and P is called the component volume (for ideal gases, it is equal to the partial volume yiVm).
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12-7
FIGURE 12-8One way of predicting the P-v-T behavior of a real-gas mixture is to use compressibility factors.
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12-8
FIGURE 12-9Another way of predicting the P-v-T behavior of a real-gas mixture is to treat it as a pseudopure substance with critical properties Pcr and Tcr .
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12-9
FIGURE 12-13Partial pressures (not the mixture pressure) are used in the evaluation of entropy changes of ideal-gas mixtures.
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12-10
FIGURE 12-16It is difficult to predict the behavior of nonideal-gas mixtures because of the influence of dissimilar gas molecules on each other.
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12-11
FIGURE 12-18For a pure substance, the chemical potential is equivalent to the Gibbs function.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.FIGURE 12-20The specific volume and enthalpy of individual components do not change during mixing if they form an ideal solution (this is not the case for entropy).
12-12
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12-13
FIGURE 12-21For a naturally occurring process during which no work is produced or consumed, the reversible work is equal to the exergy destruction.
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12-14
FIGURE 12-22Under reversible conditions, the work consumed during separation is equal to the work produced during the reverse process of mixing.
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12-15
FIGURE 12-23The minimum work required to separate a two-component mixture for the two limiting cases.
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12-16
FIGURE 12-24The osmotic pressure and the osmotic rise of saline water.
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12-17
FIGURE 12-25Power can be produced by mixing solutions of different concentrations reversibly.
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