cell theory & cell organelles sections 3.1 & 3.2

Cell Theory & Cell OrganellesSections 3.1 & 3.2

3.1 Cell Theory Key Concept:

Cells are the basic unit of life.

The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.

Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. More was learned about cells as microscopes

improved

Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell Theory:

All organisms are made of cells. All cells come from other cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure &

function in living things. http://ed.ted.com

/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory

All cells share certain characteristics.

Cells tend to be microscopic. All cells are enclosed by a membrane. All cells are filled with cytoplasm. All cells have ribosomes. All cells have genetic material (DNA –

hereditary information)

There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells & prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells Have a nucleus Have membrane-

bound organelles

Prokaryotic cells Do not have a nucleus

(still have DNA) Do not have

membrane-bound organelles

STOP & REVIEW The Cell theory has three parts. Fill in the missing word in each part.

All organisms are made of _______. Cells All cells come from other _______. Cells The cell is the basic unit of ________ & _________ in living things. Structure & Function Name 4 parts of the cell that are common between all cells. 1. 2. 3. 4. Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, and Genetic Material What are the 2 MAJOR differences between prokaryotic (bacteria) and

eukaryotic cells? 1. 2. 1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, 2. Prokaryotic Cells do not have

organelles surrounded by a membrane. Eukaryotic Cells have both of these things.

3.2 Cell Organelles Key Concept:

Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

Review from 3.1 All cells have:

Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Genetic material

Cell Membrane (aka Plasma Membrane)

Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Made of: Phospholipids Proteins Carbohydrates Cholesterol Steroids

IN ALLCELLS

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Cytoplasm Function: holds organelles in place;

location of various reactions in the cell Organelles: parts of the cell with specific

jobs/functions

IN ALLCELLS

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2

Ribosomes Function: protein synthesis (link amino

acids) Found in cytoplasm or on the Rough ER

(Rough ER= eukaryotes only)

IN ALLCELLS

Cell Wall Function: protection and support for

plant, fungal, and bacterial cells

NOT IN ANIMAL CELLS

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Nucleus Function: Control center of the cell

(“brain”) Has its own membrane

Nuclear envelope Stores DNA (chromosomes)

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3

4

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Nucleolus Function: Makes rRNA (a nucleic acid)

Found inside the nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Rough ER Helps make,

package, and transport proteins (headed to the Golgi)

Ribosomes on surface make it look rough

Proteins made include membrane & secretory proteins

Smooth ER Helps break

down toxins, poisons, and waste

Helps process carbs & produce lipids

“Roadway” of the cell – a maze of enclosed spaces

Golgi Body/Apparatus Function: Process, sort, and packages

products (proteins from the rough ER) for the cell to export UPS for the cell

Transport of materials Vesicle: Small membrane-bound sacs

that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials within the cell.

Proteins (such as secretory & membrane proteins) made by ribosomes on the rough ER are packaged in vesicles and sent to the cell membrane or Golgi Apparatus.

The Golgi Body processes & sorts the proteins, then packages them into vesicles for storage, transport, or secretion from the cell membrane.

STOP & REVIEW This cell part controls what enters and leaves a cell. ______ __________ Cell Membrane This is the watery part of the cell, found throughout the cell and where

most chemical reactions take place? ______ Cytoplasm This is the part of the cell where proteins are made. _______ Ribosomes This is the brain of the cell which controls all cell functions. ______ Nucleus This is found in the nucleus and is where RNA is made. ________ Nucleolus This is the roadway of the cell, there are 2 kinds. Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum This is where proteins are packaged before being shipped to the ER. Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes Function: Contain enzymes to digest

materials for the cell Not found in plant cells

Mitochondria Function: Where usable energy is made

for the cell Have a double membrane

Inner membrane (cristae) is folded – this increases surface area to allow more energy to be made at a time

Other structures in the body are like this as well (small intestine, lungs, ER)

Plastids

Chloroplast Site of

photosynthesis (makes food)

Chromoplast Make and store

pigments in fruits, roots, etc. (red color in tomatoes)

Pigment-containing organelles found in plant & algae cells.

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Vacuole Function: Stores water and food molecules

Plant cells: large and singular Animal cells: small and numerous

Cytoskeleton Function: helps cell maintain shape;

helps cell move; helps move organelles around inside the cell (like railroad tracks)

Centrioles Function: helps with cell division

Only in animal cells

PART OF CYTOSKELETON

Cilia & Flagella Function: Help with cell movement

PART OF CYTOSKELETON

Review

Eukaryotes Have nucleus (DNA) Have membrane-bound

organelles (increase the efficiency of functions by confining them within smaller spaces within the huge cell, or with communication and movement within the cell.)

Larger size because of organelles

More complex Unicellular or multicellular

Prokaryotes No nucleus (still have

DNA) No membrane-bound

organelles Smaller size because of

lack of organelles Less complex Unicellular

STOP & REVIEW Contain enzymes to digest and breakdown cell material. (trashcan). _______ Lysosomes This is the powerhouse of the cell where the energy (ATP) is made.

__________ Mitochondria This organelle is pigmented and absorbs light energy to make and store

food. ______ Plastid (chloroplast) This is like a pool, where water is stored. ______ Vacuole helps cell maintain shape; helps cell move; helps move organelles around

inside the cell (like railroad tracks) _____________ Cytoskeleton helps with cell division. Only in animal cells _____ Centrioles

Help with cell movement ______ and ________Cilia and Flagellaprotection for plant, fungal, and bacterial cells ______Cell Wall

Cell rap: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8