cell cycle vocabulary and notes biology. centrioles – one of two tiny structures located in the...

Cell Cycle Vocabularyand Notes

Biology

• Centrioles – one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.

• Chromatid – one of two identical “sister” parts of a replicated chromosome.

• Centromere – area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached.

• Spindle fiber – fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis.

• Sister chromatids – the two parts that make up replicated chromome, which are connected at the centromere

• Daughter cells –the two new cells produced at the end of cytokinesis

• Diploid – term used to refer to a cell that contians both sets of homologous chromosomes

• Centrosome – the area where the centrioles are located during mitosis

Link to cell cycle animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html

Stages of the Cell Cycle

• Interphase (longest part of the cell cycle)

• G1 (Growth 1)

• S (Synthesis) - DNA copies

• G2 (Growth 2) - cell prepares for division

• M (cell division) – includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Interphase• (technically not part of

mitosis, but it is included in the cell cycle)

• Cell is in a resting phase, performing cell functions

• DNA replicates (copies)• Organelles double in

number, to prepare for division

Mitosis

• nuclear division, number of chromosomes remains the same

Phases of Mitosis

Prophase• Spindle forms• Centrioles move to

opposite poles • Chromosomes

become visible

Metaphase• Chromosomes line up

along the equator

Anaphase• Centromeres divide• Chromatids separate

and move to opposite poles

Telophase• Nuclear membrane

forms around each group of chromosomes

• Chromosomes unwind

• Cytokinesis begins

Cytokinesis• The process by which

the cytoplasm divides and one cell becomes two individual cells. The process is different in plants and animals

Cell Cycle animation