case western: water and sanitation in emergency settings

Water and Sanitation in Emergency Settings

Why Infrastructure Matters &

Behavior Change Is Critical

Supply DemandDemandSupply

Quantity Quality

Accessibility Reliability

Groundwater Wells

Rainwater Harvesting

Surface Water

Water Disinfection• Boiling

– It works well in dirty or clean water– Logistics at large scale very difficult

• Iodine– 2 drops in 1 quart of water– Not good in cloudy / muddy water

• Filters– Marvelous on day one, but then …

• Chlorination– Easy, mass disinfection– Ineffective against cysts, worm ova

Breakpoint Chlorination

Collection Storage Local Treatment Conveyance Centralized

Treatment Disposal

Collection Storage Local Treatment Conveyance Centralized

Treatment Disposal

1. Pump out sludge 2. Filter out solids materials 3. Filter the liquid

Solid Waste

• CollectionIn home, Lead to transport

• TransportationHow and who away from home

• Ultimate DisposalSanitary landfill

Hospital Waste

• Solid WasteCollection, Isolation, Transportation, Disposal

• Liquid WasteWash water; Toilets

• Ultimate Disposal

Drainage

• Stagnation is BadInsect breeding, Septic biology

• Internal to CommunityWash water, Food prep water, flooding

• Central System

Other Concerns

• Vectors– Insects: mosquitos, flies, fleas– Pests: dogs, cats, rats

• Environmental management• Fire Protection• Education Programs• Body Disposal

Questions?

ben.mann@tetratech.com

@bhmann