case study: parashield€¦ · case study: parashield enae 791 - launch and entry vehicle design u...

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Case Study: ParaShield• Origin of ParaShield concept • ParaShield flight test • Wind tunnel testing • Future applications • Other people’s applications

1

© 2018 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Graduate Design Class: Fall, 1988• Six students in graduate class in Aeronautics and

Astronautics at MIT • Project summary: Design an alternative human

spacecraft to supplement/replace the shuttle in the event of another Challenger-type accident

• Had to be capable of launch on Delta II, Atlas, Titan IIIC (existing ELVs)

2

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Parametric Analysis of Heating

3

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Parametric Analysis of Stagnation Temp

4

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Parametric Analysis of Dynamic Pressure

5

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Parametric Analysis of Peak Deceleration

6

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Comparison of Entry Trajectories

7

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Comparison of Heat Shield Temperatures

8

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Comparison of Total Heat Loads

9

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Required Heat Shield Diameter

10

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Payload Volume Protected from Wake

11

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Synopsis of Initial Feasibility Study• Ultra-low ballistic coefficient vehicles provide

significant advantages for atmospheric entry – Relief from restriction to conical configurations to avoid

aft wake – Significantly lower peak shield temperatures, allowing the

use of existing COTS materials – Little or no entry ionization creating blackouts for

communications and navigation

• Terminal velocity in lower atmosphere is limited to 15-20 m/sec, requiring only impact attenuation – Aero decelerator deployed and verified before entry

12

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ParaShield Flight Test Origins• Discussion with officials of American Rocket

Company (AMROC) in April, 1989 – Single Engine Test (SET-1) vehicle being developed for

suborbital test flight out of Vandenberg AFB – Existing payload compartment was empty and available – Targeted launch date: August, 1989 (four months!)

• Total available funding: $80K • Total available personnel: 3 grad students, 2

undergrads (all volunteers), 1 faculty (part-time) • Facilities: undergrad projects lab shop

13

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Early Assembly of Shield Structure

53

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

The Skidbladnir Development Team

54

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Shield Structure and Deployment

55

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ParaShield Stowed and Deployed

56

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Launch Vehicle Integration

57

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

October 5, 1989 - T+2 sec

58

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

October 5, 1989 - T+60 sec

59

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

October 6, 1989 - Aftermath

60

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ParaShield in GLM Wind Tunnel

61

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Schlieren Supersonic Flow Visualization

62

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

CFD Model

63

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Configurations for Orbital Flight Test

64

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ParaShield for ISS Crew Rotation Mission

65

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ParaShield for Human Lunar Return

66

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ParaShield for Human Mars Return

67

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Conclusions• Ultralow ballistic coefficient entry vehicles can match

performance of conventional capsule-type vehicles • ParaShield approach provides both entry thermal

protection and aerodynamic deceleration, except for impact attenuation

• Structural mass efficiencies and packing factors are improved by larger volume protected from aft wake

• Separation of entry/descent/landing systems from crew cabin provides additional margin for exploration missions to the moon and beyond

68

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ParaShield Flight Test – 12/4/2011

69

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ADEPT Concept (NASA Ames)

70

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ADEPT for Venus Entry

71

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ADEPT Prototype

72

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ADEPT in Arcject Testing

73

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ADEPT Wind Tunnel Test Model

74

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ADEPT Suborbital Flight Test

75

Case Study: ParaShield ENAE 791 - Launch and Entry Vehicle Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

ADEPT Flight Test Video

76