care of aged

AGE RELATED ILLNESS

BY:GROUP 4

TERMINOLOGIES U NEED TO KNOW:

AGING: It is the normal process of becoming older. It is a time-related change which begins with

birth & continues through out life.

GERIATRICS: It is the study of old age that includes

the physiology,pathology,diagnosis, & Mx of the disorders & diseases of older adults.

TERMINOLOGIES contd….

GERIATRIC Nsg: It is the field of nsg that relates to the assessment,nursing diagnosis,planning,implementation & evaluation of older adults in all envrnmnts including acute, intermediate & skilled care as well as within the community

GERONTOLOGY: The combined biologic, psychologic & sociologic study of older adults within their envrnmnt

CHARACTERISTICS OF AGING:

1. Increased MORTALITY2. CHANGES in the body’s CHEMICAL

COMPOSITIONS (decrease in lean body mass, increase in fats & lipofuscins, &cross-linking of collagen tissues)

3. Progressive DETERIORATIVE changes4. Reduced ADAPTATION ABILITY to

envrnmntal changes5. Increased VULNERABILITY to multiple

diseases

THEORIES OF AGING:BIOLOGIC THEORIES: Intrinsic agingGenetically programmedEssentially universal & irreversibleDEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES: (Erikson,1963)Life consists of 8 stagesEach represents a crucial turning point in lifeMajor task: achieve ego integrity or to suffer

despair

THEORIES contd….DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS FOR OLDER

ADULTS….(Erikson + Havighurst’s concepts)

1. Maintenance of self-worth2. Conflict resolution3. Adjustment to the death of significant

others4. Environmental adaptation5. Maintenance of optimal levels of wellness

THEORIES contd…..

SOCIOLOGIC THEORIES:Social interactions & roles contribute to

successful adjustmentContinuity & connection to the past are

maintained through a well established habits, values & interests

The theories emphasize the importance of environmental & psychosocial factors in the developmntal & current functiong of the person

THEORIES contd….

NURSING THEORY: (Miller, 2004)Challenges nurses to consider the effects of

normal age-related changes as well as the damage incurred through disease or environmental & behavioral risk factors

It suggests that, nurses can alter the outcome for patients through nursing interventions

AGE-RELATED CHANGES

CHANGES

PSYCHOSOCIAL

PHYSICAL

COGNITIVE

PHARMACOLOGIC

PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS Problem in adapting to……Physical Social & Emotional losses& to achieve contentmentLife satisfactionSerenity

PHYSICAL ASPECTS

•Decreased cardiac output

•Slower heart recovery rate

Cardiovascular

•Increase residual lung volume

•Decreased gas exchange

Respiratory

•Decrease protection against trauma & temperature

•Diminished secretion of natural oils & perspiration

Integumentary

PHYSICAL ASPECTS contd…. •Fema

le: vaginal narrowing & decreased elasticity

•Male: slower sexual response

Reproductive

•Loss of bone density & muscle strength

•Degenerated joint cartilage

Musculoskeletal

•Male: BPH

•Female: incontinence

Genitourinary

PHYSICAL ASPECTS contd…•De

creased salivation

•Reduced GI motility

Gastrointestinal

•Delayed nerve conduction

•Reduced cerebral circulation

Nervous system

•Diminished vision, hearing

•Diminished taste & smell

Special senses

COGNITIVE ASPECTSINTELLIGEN

CE

Decline

Diminished problem

solving ability

Learning & memory

Variation in motor & sensory function

Poor ability to learn

effectively due to poor

intelligence

PHARMOCOLOGIC ASPECTS

Altered pharmacokinetics

Drug-food

interaction

Changes in gastric

PH

Decrease in GI

motility

HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES

CARDIOVASCULAR RESPIRATORYExercise regularlyPace activitiesAvoid smokingEat low-fat, low-salt dietParticipate in stress

reductionRegular BP checksMedication compliance Weight control

Adequate fluid intake to liquefy secretions

Yearly influenza immunizatn

Avoid exposure to URIStop smokingExercise regularly

PROMOTION STRATEGIES contd…

INTEGUMENTORY MUSCULOSKELETALAvoid solar exposureUse Seasonal clothing Lubricate skinMaintain safe indoor

tempShower pref to tub bath

Exercise regularlyEat high-calcium dietLimit phosphorus intakeTake calcium & vitamin

D supplements as prescribed

PROMOTION STRATEGIES contd..

GENITOURINARYSeek urology check-

upsWear easily

manipulated clothingDrink adequate fluidsAvoid bladder

irritantsDo pelvic floor

muscle exercises

GASTROINTESTINALUse ice chipsBrush, floss, &

massage gums dailyReceive regular

dental careEat small frequent

feedsLimit antacidsEat high fiber dietLimit laxatives

PROMOTION STRATEGIESNERVOUS SYSTEM SPECIAL SENSESPace teachingEnhance sensory

stimulatnEncourage slow rising

from a resting position

Wear eyeglassesAvoid night drivingUse contrasting colors

for color codingAvoid glare of shiny

surfacesAvoid direct sunlightSpeak with low-pitched

voice

MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

DEPRESSION DEMENTIA DELIRIUM

DEPRESSIONFeeling of sadnessFatigueDiminished memory & concentrationFeeling of guilt & worthlessnessLoss of appetiteSleep disturbance

DELIRIUMAltered level of consciousness Ranging from stupor to excessive activityDisorganized thinkingHallucination, delusionFear & anxiety

DEMENTIAAlzheimer’s disease

Progressive, irreversible, degenerative

neurologic disease

Memory loss, difficulty in work

Vascular dementia

Multi-infarct dementia

associated with hypertension & cardiovascular

disease

Downward decline in mental

function, sub clinical stroke

NURSES ROLE IN CARE OF AGEDKnowledgeable about geriatric nursingSkilled in meeting the needs of older patientsUnderstand that aging is not synonymous with

diseaseUnderstand that aging is a highly complex &

varied processConsider functional assessment as a common

frame workHelp older people to maintain max autonomy &

dignity despite of physical & psychological lossesEarly interventions can prevent further

complications