cardiovascular disease
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Cardiovascular Disease
A. Palumbo9th Grade Health
The Cardiovascular System
Transports nutrients and removes waste from the body.
Supplies blood and oxygen to the body.
The Cardiovascular System Heart Arteries Veins Lungs Kidneys
The Heart
Superior Vena Cava Right and Left atrium Right and left ventricle Aorta Pulmonary artery Arteries
› Supply the oxygen to the heart muscle
Arteries and Veins
Arteries› Carry blood away from the heart › Oxygenated› Carries oxygen all parts of the body
Veins › Carry blood to the heart› Deoxygenated › Carries carbon dioxide and other waste
Lungs and Kidneys Lungs
› Where the blood picks up oxygen once you inhale
› Allows the release of Carbon dioxide once you exhale
Kidneys› Filters waste out of the blood
What is Cardiovascular Disease?
•Coronary Artery Disease (narrowing the arteries)•Heart attacks•Abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias•Heart failure•Heart valve disease•Heart muscle disease•Pericardial disease•Vascular Disease (blood vessels)
Coronary Artery Disease Atherosclerosis
› Hardening of the arteries that provide vital oxygen and nutrients to heart
Could eventually cause a part of the heart muscle (myocardium) die off › Lack of blood flow.
Abnormal heart Rhythms Steady heart beats about 60-100 times
a minute Heart can get out of rhythm called
arrhythmia Produce uneven heart beats Can change rate
› Cause heart beat to be very slow or very fast
Heart Failure Does not mean heart has stopped
working Blood is not pumping as well as it
should› Leads to water retention (swelling) and
shortness of breath.
Heart valve and heart muscle
A valve lies at each exit of the four chamber of the heart› On way› Insufficiency
Cardiomyopathies › Disease in heart muscle› Also called enlarged heart› Abnormally thick and enlarge
Causes weak blood flow
Pericarditis Inflammation of the lining surrounding
the heart Rare condition often caused by
infection
What happens during a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction› Myo-muscle› Cardial-heart› Infarction-death of tissue due to lack of
blood supply Plaque builds up in arteries supplying blood Blood clots form around plaque and
totally block the artery This causes part of the muscle to be
oxygen deprived and die Causes permanent damage to heart muscle
Signs and Symptoms of heart attack
Shortness of breath Chest pains
› Discomfort, pressure, heaviness› Below breast bone
Discomfort in arm, back, jaw, or throat Sweating, dizziness Nausea, vomiting Extreme weakness Rapid or irregular heart beats
Test to diagnose a heart attack
ECG› EKG- can tell how much damage has
occurred in heart muscle Blood test
› Look for Cardiac enzymes to indicate muscle damage
Cardiac catheterization› Cardiac cath
Can see direct visual of block artery
Uncontrollable Risk factors Male Sex
Older age
Family history of heart disease
Post- menopausal
Controllable risk factors Smoking High cholesterol
› High LDL “bad cholesterol” Hypertension
› High blood pressure Physical inactivity Obesity Diabetes (uncontrolled) Uncontrolled Stress and anger
Prevention Do not smoke Controlled diet- EAT RIGHT
› Improve cholesterol levels › Achieve and maintain healthy weight
Regular exercise- BE ACTIVE› 30-60 minutes most days of the week
Control Hypertension › Exercise and good diet
Manage Stress
Statistics
•Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women in the US.
•Heart failure is a major health problem in US affecting 5 million Americans. • The leading cause of hospitalization in people over 65
Statistics Cont.• About eight out of 1,000 children are
affected by congenital heart disease.
• Coronary artery disease cause abut 1.2 million heart attacks each year. About 40 percent will die
Resources http://www.webmd.com/heartdisease/g
uide/diseases-cardiovascular http://
www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease-prevention/WO00041
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
http://www.umm.edu/features/tips_prev.htm
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