carbon sinks

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Carbon Sinks andGreen House Gases

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Outline

Importance of CarbonCarbon sinksCarbon sequestration

Green House GasesTechnological fix options

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CARBON SINKS ANDSEQUESTRATION

Made by M. Talal Ali Khan

Aon Bukhari Abdul M oiz

Faizan Nadeem

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Importance Of Carbon

Every living thing is made up of carbonIt is in our atmosphere, in the earth's crust, and in thebodies of both plants and animals

Without carbon, life would not be possible i .e theprocess of breathing and respiration .

Usually carbon is found in combination with other elements as in carbon dioxide, limestone, coal, and

petroleum.

18% of all living things on earth is comprised of carbon .

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Carbon Present in Different Places

0

10000

2000030000

40000

740550

0 .5 1 .51 .5

16004500

500

3 000

6000

Mass in Ton s of C arb on X 109 ( b illion of tone s of C arb on)

M ass in Tons of Carbon

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What is a Carbon Sink

A c arb on s ink is a natural or artificialreservoir that accumulates and storessome carbon-containing chemicalcompound for an indefinite period .

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Natural Reservoirs

SoilForestsOceans

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Artificial Reservoirs

Natural sinks are typically much larger than artificialsinks .

Landfills

Carbon capturing and storage tanks

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Soil

Soils around the world contain approximately 2000billion tonnes of carbon in various forms at any one time .

Soil contain more carbon than all terrestrial vegetation

and the atmosphere combinedCarbon is accumulates as organic matter in soils, and isdegraded by biological degradationThey retained that in Humas form .

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Forestso Photosynthesis

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Oceans

CO2 Dissolve in three formsCO2,carbonates and bicarbonatesUptake 90 thousand million tones of CO2 annually

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Carbon Sequestration

'The process of removing carbon from the atmosphereand depositing it in a reservoir .

It is a geo engineering technique for long-term storage of

carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate/defer global warming

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Landfills

Absorb CarbonBury Organic mater in land

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Carbon Storage Tanks

Carbon is Usually stored in a tank

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Human Impact on Sinks

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G REEN HOUSE G ASES

M ade ByJamal ShahidWaleed Fawad

Umer Farooq

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G REENHOUSE G ASES ± WHAT DO THEYDO

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M AJOR G REENHOUSE G ASES

Nitrous oxide

Water

Carbon dioxideMethane

Sulfur hexafluoride

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M AJOR G REENHOUSE G ASES

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G REENHOUSE G AS E MM ISSIONS

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ADVANTA G ES OF REDUCTION

Reduced Environmental ImpactGreater SustainabilityFloods

Human HealthWildlife

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DRAWBACKS OF REDUCTION

Bio-fuelsEconomic InfeasibilityDemand ± Supply Gaps

Unreliability

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TECHNOLO G ICAL OPTIONS

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Why to ValueUnder stand how M uch an écosystème contribuâtes toeconomic activity or society . For example, on average forestsbenefits in the M ed region amount to about 1% of GDP . Indirect use value such as watershed protection contributesabout 35% of total estimated value .

Understand what are the benefits and costs of an interventionthat alters the ecosystem (conservationinvestment, development project, regulation or incentive) andmake ecosystem goods and services comparable with other

investmentsHow are costs and benefits of a change in ecosystemdistributed?

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Dow¶ s Po s ition on G lo ba l W arm ing

Energy supply and climate changeare the most urgent environmental issues facing society Dow accepts the U.N. IPC conclusion that it is very likely

that human activities contribute a lot to global warming Dow is uniquely positioned to address these issues

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Wh a t C a n the Che m ic a lly Indu s t r y Do?

Dir e c tly Redu c e Ou r Own C arb on Footp r intLeve ra ge Ou r Expe r ti s e to Othe r Indu s t r ie s

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Fuel Effi c ien c y ±± Die s elAdv a nt a ge s

High performance & high torqueDurability & reliability at least 500,000 miles lifeLow maintenance

Fuel economy 30% better than gasoline engineLow gas emission (HC, CO, NOx)Low CO2/mile (GHG)

Disa dv a nt a ge s

PM emissionDifficult to reduce NOx by existing catalyst technologyEngine & vehicle heavier = higher cost

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References

http://www .ehow .com/about_4672834_carbon-important-life.htmlhttp://www .ghgonline .org/co2sinksoil . htm

http://www .ehow .com/about_4672834_carbon-important-life.htmlhttp://www .coolantarctica .com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/science/carbon_sinks .htm

http://en .wikipedia . org/wiki/Carbon_sink