carbohydrates & lipids - whitney high...

CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS

Section 3-3a (p. 55-56 & 58-59)

Essential Questions

1. Identify the monomer, polymers and primary

function of carbohydrates. (Essential Skill 1-3)

2. Identify the monomers, polymers and

primary function of lipids. (Essential Skill 1-3)

CarbohydratesSugars & Starches & Fiber

Function of Carbohydrates

Used for short-term energy in all organisms and for

structure in plants.

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)=

monomer of carbohydrates

Mono- = one

Examples

Glucose (C6H12O6) = sugar used as an energy source in all cells.

Other Examples: Fructose (Fruit sugar) & Galactose(Milk sugar)

Isomers – molecules with the same atoms that are arranged differently

Many monosaccharides are isomers

Disaccharides (sugars) =

2 monosaccharides linked together.

Di- = two

Examples: Lactose (milk

sugar) & Sucrose (table

sugar)

Polysaccharides (Starches & Complex Carbs.) =

3 or more monosaccharides linked.

Poly- = Many

Examples

Glycogen = Used as

energy storage in

animals (stored

glucose)

Cellulose = Used to

form the cell wall of

plants.

Lipids

Function: Used for long-term energy

storage.

Monomers of Lipids (there are 2)

Glycerol = monomer

that can hold 3 fatty

acids

Fatty Acids = long

chains of C & H.

Polymers of Lipids

Triglyceride =

normal energy

storage lipid

3 fatty acids & 1

glycerol

Other Classes of Lipids to Know

Phospholipids = used to make all cell membranes.

Steroids = chemical messengers.

Cholesterol = strengthens cell membranes.

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats

Saturated = animal fat solid at room temp.

“bad fat”

no double bonds in fatty acid (straight molecule

Unsaturated = plant fat liquid at room temp.

“good fat”

has double bonds in fatty acid (bent molecule)

Hydrogenated/Trans Fat

Unsaturated fat that

food companies turn

into saturated fat, for

better “look” of food

or preservation.

BAD! Linked to heart

disease.

Some fat is good!

Healthy levels of fat

are needed for:

insulation

organ protection

long –term energy

storage

What happens when you have too much

bad fat

75% blockage

Cross section of arteries

Bypass

Surgery