canola seed and fractionation · 2018-12-17 · 2 canola value chain animal protein in 2017: 21.3...
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Canola Seed Protein Processing and Fractionation
Janitha P.D. WanasundaraResearch Scientist, Saskatoon Research and Development
Centre
2
Canola Value Chain
Animal Protein
In 2017:21.3 mil tonnes → 4.47 mil tonnes of canola proteinbased on 21% seed protein (10.7 mil tonnes crushing capacity)
Wheat; 30 mil tonnes → 3.75 mil tonnes wheat protein (12.5% protein)
12/7/2018
• Storage proteins• Oil body proteins• Minor proteins
3
Oil bodies
Proteinbodies
CruciferinProteins of Canola
Napin
Crucifer Oil Protein Fibre & others
Brassica napus 43% 21% 33‐37%
Brassica juncea 37% 28% 30‐35%
Sinapis alba 30% 32% 33‐38%
Brassica carinata 38% 26% 34‐36%
Camelina sativa 40% 28% 30‐32%
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*Starting material – deoiled seed (not commercial canola meal)
• Similar to Soy•Diosady et al. 1998, 2005
•Newkirk et al. 2003, 2009
•PMM•Murray, 1980; 1999; Schweizer & Greene, 2005
•High purity CRU & NAP•Berot et al., 2005
•Many products•CRU & NAP, enriched•AAFC 2005, 2013
Processes Available for Canola Protein Recovery
Wanasundara et al., 201612/7/2018
5
Seed Pre‐conditioning& Flaking
Pre‐press solvent Extracted,desolventized & toasted meal
Cooking Pressing Extractionhot hexane
Desolventizing& Toasting
Pre Press–solvent extracted meal
Available Canola Meal for Protein Recovery
Stage of processing1 2 3 4 5
Sol
uble
N c
onte
nt, %
of t
otal
N
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Pro
tein
Dis
pers
ibilit
y In
dex
(PD
I)
Tem
pera
ture
of o
pera
tion,
oC
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PDI pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 oC
Wanasundara, unpublished data
1 2 3 4 5
12/7/2018
https://www.feedipedia.org/node/753Animal feed resource information system
Canola VS Soybean
612/7/2018
7
pH
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Nitro
gen
solubi
lity,
% o
f tot
al n
itrog
en
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
napin
pH 4.0
cruciferin
napin
pH 9.0pH 1.0
Seed coat removed and hexane defatted canolaNon-reducing SDS-PAGE
Nature of Canola Proteins
Wanasundara & McIntosh, 2007
Perera et al., 2016
Cruciferin
Napin
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8
Brassica Meal Protein Fractions – For Bioproducts
Run
Input dry matter, kg Dry matter
recovery, %#Protein
Recovery, %#Dry matter recovery, %*
ProteinRecovery, %*
1 210.8 84.0 89.7 85.2 70.7
2 213.0 83.4 84.5 67.5 68.4
3 210.2 73.6 87.3 87.7 69.9# includes products 1, 2 & 3 only * includes products 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6 only
Wanasundara & McIntosh, (2013 US patent & unpublished data)12/7/2018
9
Ileal digestibilitytesting
Amino acid composition, g/ 100 g protein & Digestible Indispensable Amino acid Score (DIAAS)
• Weaning piglets (n=6) • Isocaloric diet• Test protein‐ sole protein source
Wanasundara (unpublished data)
Brassica Meal Protein Fractions – Nutritional Quality
Napin: DIASS value 73 (Leucine)Cruciferin: DIASS 80 (S‐AA)Soy protein concentrate : DIASS value 78 (A‐AA)
Cannot be a sole protein source for adults – Blending & Complementary
Amino acid NapinIsolate
Cruciferinconcentrate
Soy protein concentrate
Cysteine +methionineIsoleucineLeucineLysinePhenylalanine+TyrosineThreonineTryptophanValine
5.9+2.1 (146)
2.8 (74)5.5 (73)7.5 (116)2.6+1.7 (88)
3.3 (92)1.1 (146)3.9 (74)
2.1+2.2 (80)
4.5 (121)7.7 (104)6.1 (97)4.6+3.9 (85)
4.5 (133)1.5 (182)5.9 (114)
1.9+1.4 (80)
4.2 (112)6.9 (91)6.1 (95)4.6+3.4 (78)
3.4 (79)1.2 (138)4.6 (81)
Scoring pattern
2.3
3.06.14.84.1
2.50.74.0
3‐10yr, adolescent, adultmg/g protein requirementWHO/FAO.UNU 2007
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10
Protein %, w/v
Napin isolate Cruciferin concentrate Soy protein concentrate Whey protein isolate
pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10
0.5 88 85 90 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 99 97
1.0 85 81 87 0.0 5 36 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 98 98
2.0 84 84 87 9 14 29 0.0 0.0 7 91 99 100
Solubility (% soluble proteins)
Protein %, w/v
Napin isolate Cruciferin concentrate Soy protein concentrate Whey protein isolate
pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 4 pH 7 pH 10
Foam capacity, %0.5 102 204 246 30 38 91 23 23 42 109 109 182
1.0 204 211 397 28 52 82 45 23 72 197 200 231
2.0 227 439 424 53 60 68 45 56 72 231 223 314
Foam stability, % of original foam0.5 70 67 60 0.0 0.0 87 0.0 0.0 0.0 97 90 54
1.0 57 59 72 0.0 0.0 95 0.0 0.0 58 60 57 56
2.0 57 78 80 57 62 100 0.0 54 63 59 57 61
Foaming properties
Brassica Meal Protein Fractions – Bioproducts
Mitra et al. (2013)
12/7/2018
11
Nutritional value•Essential amino acids
InherentProcessing effects
•DigestibilityStructureOther components
•Allergenicity/Toxicity
Functional value•Physico-chemical
SolubilityInterfacial activityTemp stabilityRheologicalColor
• Flavor & Taste
Food√
√
√
Feed√
√
?
Food
√ √ √ √ √ √
Feed
√?----
√?
Protein utilization –Factors in consideration
12/7/2018
12
The Journal of Nutrition 137 (2007) 594‐600Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient‐Nutrient Interactions
The Poor Digestibility of Rapeseed Protein Is Balanced by Its Very High Metabolic Utilization in Humans1
Ce´cile Bos,2* Gheorghe Airinei,2,3 Franxcois Mariotti,2 Robert Benamouzig,3 Serge Be´ rot,4Jacques Evrard,5 Evelyne Fe´ nart,6 Daniel Tome´ ,2 and Claire Gaudichon2
2UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, INRA‐INAPG, 75005 Paris, France; 3Department of Gastroenterology, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique‐Hoˆ pitaux de Paris, Clinical Investigation Centre of CRNH Ile‐de‐France (Human Nutrition Research Centre), 93000 Bobigny, France; 4INRA Unite´ Prote´ ines Ve´ ge´ tales et leurs Interactions, 44000 Nantes, France; 5Technical Centre for Oilseed Crops, 33600 Pessac, France; and 6National Agency for Oilseeds Development, 75008 Paris, France
Clinical Nutrition 32 (2013) 519‐526Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Clinical Nutrition
Randomized control trials
Nutritional evaluation of rapeseed protein compared to soy protein for quality, plasma amino acids, and nitrogen balance ‐ A randomized cross‐over intervention study in humans
Manja Fleddermanna, Anita Fechnera, Andrea Rößlera, Melanie Bähra, Anja Pastorb, Frank Liebertb, Gerhard Jahreisa,*
aDepartment of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Str. 24, D‐07743 Jena, GermanybDepartment of Animal Sciences, Division Animal Nutrition Physiology, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 55, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 394–402A 13‐week dietary toxicity study in rats of a Napin‐Rich Canola Protein IsolateLuis A. Mejia a,*, Chandrashekhar K. Korgaonkar b, Martin Schweizer c, Christopher Chengelis b,Meliton Novilla b, Ellen Ziemer b, Patricia S. Williamson‐Hughes a, Richard Grabiel a, Mark Empie a
a Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM), 1001 North Brush College Road, Decatur, IL 62521‐1656, USAb WIL Research Laboratories, LLC, 1407 George Road, Ashland, OH 44805‐8946, USAc Burcon NutraScience Corporation, 1388 Waller Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 1P9
Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 47, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 2645–2654A 13‐week sub‐chronic dietary toxicity study of a cruciferin‐rich canola protein isolate in ratsLuis A. Mejiaa, ,Chandrashekhar K. Korgaonkarb, Martin Schweizerc, Christopher Chengelisb, Gary Maritb, Ellen Ziemerb, Richard Grabiela, Mark Empiea
Nutritional & Toxicological studies – Canola protein products
12/7/2018
13
Texture
Nutritional value
SafetyTaste
Colour
Opportunities – Canola Protein‐based ingredients
12/7/2018
Consumer demand → Environmental, ethical , health‐related and societal issues→ Market pull for plant proteins
15
Brassica Meal Protein Fractions – Bioproducts
Residual Turbidity 1% (w/v) Kaolin and Napin
Wanasundara (unpublished data)
0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.09
0
1000 500
2000
1000 500
2000
1000 500
2000
1000
Average Mass (g)
Protein Concentration (µg/mL)
Leptosphaeria maculans
Napin
Antifungal activity:napin and napin‐derived molecules
Fusarium oxysporumMT99
Lauric acid conjugates
B. napus
12/7/2018
16
Developments in Science &Technology of Proteins
mm‐cm
1‐500 µm
20‐500 nm
< 10 nm
Structure –Function: Brassica SSP
> mm‐cm
12/7/2018
Edible usesOil : Many products
Meal protein: Human food?
Industrial usesOil :Biodiesel, Biolubricants, Glycerol
Meal protein: Animal feed17
Soy Bean
Canola
12/7/2018
• AAFC, A‐Base & GRDI• SaskCanola• ADF
Dr. Dwayne Hegedus Dr. Edmund Mupondwa
Tara McIntosh
Several Graduate & Undergraduate students
Several publically available Google images
Thank You
12/7/2018
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