canarie inc september 1998 turcotte@canarie.ca tel: +1.450.671.8539 “canada’s national optical...
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CANARIE Inc
September 1998
http://www.canet2.net
turcotte@canarie.cahttp://www.canarie.caTel: +1.450.671.8539
““Canada’s National Optical Internet”Canada’s National Optical Internet”
CA*net 3 World’s first national optical Internet First Internet network built from the ground up to support Internet first, voice
second All existing Internet networks are built on technology originally designed for voice -
e.g. SDH/SONET & ATM
Consortium members include Nortel, Newbridge, Cambrian, CISCO, Bell, etc
Key features: use of individual DWDM wavelengths directly coupled to routers Use intrinsic self healing capabilities of Internet and eliminate SDH/SONET and
ATM layers MPLS for layer 3 restoral, protection and traffic engineering
GigaPOP
National Optical Network
Vancouver
Calgary ReginaWinnipeg
Ottawa
Montreal
Toronto
Halifax
St. John’s
FrederictonCharlottetown
RAN
BCnet
WURCnet SRnet MRnet
ONetRISQ
ACORNOC3
OC3 DS3 OC12
OC48
ChicagoSTAR TAP
CA*net 3
OC12 Teleglobe
What is an Optical Internet? WDM fibers where individual wavelengths are the link layer
interconnect directly connected to routers via Optical ADM (Add Drop Mux) or WDM coupler
High Performance Router acts as the main switching routing device Bypass or cut-thru connections via dedicated wavelengths SONET or Gigabit Ethernet framing (also 10xGbE) Use intrinsic self healing nature of Internet for redundancy and
protection (don’t require SONET/SDH layer) Traffic engineering and network management done via MPLS Network design optimized for unique characteristics of Internet traffic
Why build an Optical Internet? Dramatic growth in IP traffic
ISPs are already starting to deploy OC-48 IP networks Customers are starting to order OC-12 IP local loops How soon before we need OC-192 or OC-768 IP??
Future trends indicate IP growth will continue IP telephony could be very, very big New Internet 2 and CA*net 2 applications
Internet characteristics significantly different than traditional telecommunications traffic
If IP is the dominant traffic then optimize network design for IP CA*net 3 will be world’s first network designed from the ground up to carry first
and foremost, Internet traffic
Traffic Growth
0
50
100
150200
250
300
350
1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Rel
ativ
e L
oad
Data
Voice
Data is 23xVoice Traffic
Data is 5xVoice Traffic
Source:Lightwave April 1998
The real driver for Optical Internet Traditional OC-48 SDH/SONET network costs about $US 4000 - $5000 km per
year before overhead, engineering and maintenance 20 year amortization on fiber and installation 5 year amortization on optical amps, regen, SONET Mux, etc
Optical Internet with today’s technology costs about $US 500-$750 per kilometer per year
With low cost regen (e.g.10xGbE), low dispersion fiber, and long range optical amplifiers optical Internet will cost $US 100 - $200 per km per year
Optical Internet also has significantly less overhead, engineering and maintenance costs. see Engineering paper http://www.canet2.net for financial analysis
Opportunity for Canada World leader in SONET/optical networking - JDS Fitel, Nortel,
Cambrian, Positron Fiber Systems, CISCO Canada, PMC Sierra, QNX Over 75% of the world’s Internet traffic is carried on equipment made
in Canada CISCO GSR12000 SONET I/F made in Ontario -95% market Nortel Optical Transport made in Montreal - 75% market Newbridge ATM switches made in Ottawa - 50% market JDS Fitel optical components made in Ottawa -85% market
Possibility of leveraging our technology and leadership to increase export opportunities and job growth in this area
A network for basic research unparalleled anywhere in the world
Acceptable Use Policy Same AUP as CA*net 2
Any Canadian organization that is doing high performance meritorious research or applications development that cannot be carried out on the commercial Internet
CA*net 3 will only interconnect GigaPOPs One GigaPOP per province plus Ottawa - others may be added GigaPOPs interconnect to regional high speed networks
Same Tier A/B/C policy as C2 Allows CA*net 3 to peer with similar international research networks like
Abilene, vBNS, etc
All institutions must maintain separate commercial Internet connection
National IP/WDM Network
Ottawa
Montreal
Toronto
WinnipegReginaCalgary
Edmonton
Vancouver
Saskatoon
- CANARIE Drop Site Halifax
Fredericton
Chicago
Additional OC-192 WDM Routes for future use
4/BLSR
4/BLSR
4/BLSR
CANARIE OC-192 Route
CANARIE OC-48 Route
Charlettown
St. John’s
Teleglobe
8 Wavelengths per route4 reserved for traditional SONET 4/BLSR by carrier
Optical Internet Architecture
High PriorityTrafficCannot exceed50% of bandwidthin case of fiber cut
3 0C-48 Tx2 OC-48 Rx
Both sides of 4/BLSR 1:1 span ring used for IP traffic
Low priority trafficthat can be bufferedor have packet lossin case of fiber cut
AsymmetricTx/Rx lambdasthat can bedynamicallyaltered
WDM WDM
Traditional SONET Restoral
Traditional SONETMux or DCSTraditional SONET
Mux or DCS
Layer 3 Restoral IP network is intrinsically self healing via routing protocols By cranking down timers on interface cards and keep alive message time-out we
can achieve same restoral speed as SONET Biggest delay is re-calculation and announcement of changes in routing tables
across the network MPLS promises to simply the problem
maintain a set of attributes for restoral and optimization may provide a consistent management interface over all transport services -WDM,
SONET/SDH, ATM, Frame Relay, etc
Layer 3 restoral allows for more intelligent restoral can use a hybrid mix of restoral and protection circuits Can use QoS to prioritize customers and services Only UDP packets (e.g telephony) require fast restoral allows simultaneous use of both working and protection circuits
Regional Optical Network
University BATM
GigaPOPRouter
To CA*net 3To Commercial Internet
Packet overSONET
GigaBit Ethernet
University ARouter
OADMOXC?
EthernetLocal WDM Fiber Ring Provided by Cable Company or Telco
ATM
OADM
OADMOADM
Dual RedundantPaths - can be switchprotected or dual path
Central Office
AnalogVideo
Reuse of samewavelength
Example Physical Layer
CSI RoutePolicy Server
CA*net 2
Distributed Municipal GigaPOP
ResearchInstitute B
Research Institute A Telco
CommunityCollege
DWDM
DWDMATM
ATM
ATM
CA*net 3
University A
University B
Wireless
Wireless RAN
Example IP Layer
CSI RoutePolicy Server
CA*net 2
Distributed GigaPOP
RegionalGigaPOPInstitutional
GigaPOPTelco
CommunityCollege
OSPFOSPF
iBGP
OSPF
CA*net 3
RAN
University A
University B
Wireless
Wireless
iBGP
PNNI
AS ##2AS ##1
AS ##3
Daughter Cachex.x.x.x/
X.x.x.x/
BGP Confederation ###
eBGP
Intermediate Cache
High Schoolor CAP site
X.x.x.x/
X.x.x.x/
X.x.x.x/
X.x.x.x/
X.x.x.x/
Optical Internet Exchange
ISP C
Common Internet Exchange Router
Packet overSONET
ISP AEthernetATM
OADM
OADMOADM
OADM
ISP B
Web Server
Small ISPs
Optical Internet ExchangeLogical Diagram
ISP C
Common Internet Exchange Router
ISP A
ISP B
Web Farm
Small ISPs
Gigabit Ethernet Framing Gigabit Ethernet Framing advantages
frame size = packet size therefore packet switching and SAR more efficient and easier to implement
data format consistent with LAN format with no translation low cost tributary service - do not need to terminate link on a router or SONET DCS
equipment new 10xGigabit Ethernet will equal OC-192 standard SNMP MIBs, but not accessible by out of band interoperable standard from many vendors No scrambling sync or packet loss
Gigabit Ethernet Framing disadvantages not very efficient with 8B/10B block coding
new 10xGigabit Ethernet may use more efficient coding
No standard out of band management or monitoring But some WDM suppliers provide this
SONET Framing SONET framing advantages
well established jitter specifications out of band management systems can be used in SONET networks for fast restoral and protection very high efficiency - over 98%
SONET framing disadvantages no interoperable standard SAR processing more complex as there can be multiple packets per frame, or
packets can cross frame boundaries tributary services require SONET mux services no well established carrier network management protocols for fault detection
and location, especially on long haul when SONET used in independent links
Future Optical InternetIntegrated Transport Services
Different Protocol Stacks Integratedto provide different size bandwidthpipes and CoS
HDWDMOC-3084
OXC
OXC OXC
ADMADM
ATM/IP Network
IP SONET Network
IP Optical Network
OADM
ADM
IP/ATM Network
OADM
ADM
IP SONET Network
IP over ATM IP OpticalIP Sonet
QoS & VPNs up to OC3 OC3, OC12, OC48 Greater than OC-48
Future Optical InternetMPLS as common management layer
OC3, OC12
IP over ATM IP OpticalIP Sonet
QoS & VPNs up to OC3 OC-48, OC-192
DWDM LSP
ATM VCs
SONET LSP
SONET LSP
ATM VCs
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