canadian biomass innovation network (cbin)
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APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006Canada
Canadian Biomass Innovation Network
(CBIN)
By: Mark Stumborg, P.Eng.Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Oil vs. Biomass Pricing
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Glucose Price (cents/pound)
Oil Price ($/barrel)
Crude Soybean Oil (cents/pound)
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Funding for the Harvest Activities
Integrated Biorefineries
Biomass Conversio
n
Biomass
Supply
NRC EC IC AAFC
NRC NRCan AAFC
NRCan AAFC
The Canadian Biomass Innovation Network (CBIN)
Funding provided by the Climate Change Technology & Innovation Program (T&I) & Panel on Energy R&D(PERD).
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Technology Innovation Chain
Basic
Research
Applied R&D Prototypes Demonstration Product & Market
Development
Market Ready
Market
Entry
TEAM
SDTC
PERD
IRAPTPC
FCMSR&ED Tax Credits
BDC
EDC
University Grants
COMMERCIALIZATIONINNOVATION
T&I BiotechCBIN
Canadian Federal Funding Context
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
CBIN R&D Program
Existing PERD BEST POL
Bio-based Energy Systems and Technologies
1.$ 2.7 million/yr
2.25+ yrs in existence
3.Bioenergy R&D
New T & I
Biotechnology Program
1.$ 20 million of R&D /4 yrs
2.$ 10 million of demo/4 yrs
3.GHG R&D for 2025bioenergy,bioproductsbioprocesses
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Bio terminology
RenewableBioresources
• Plants– crops– trees– algae
• Animals, fish
• Microorganisms
• Organic residues– municipal– industrial– agricultural– forestry– aquaculture
BioprocessTechnology
Biocatalysis (Enzymes)
Fermentation (Microorganisms)
Industrial Bioproducts
• Bioenergy
• Biofuels
• Bioproducts:– bio-chemicals– bio-solvents– bio-plastics– ‘smart’ biomaterials– bio-lubricants– bio-surfactants– bio-adhesives– bio-catalysts
Physical - Chemical Process Technology
Extraction
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
P&P Mill Sludge and Hogfuel Drying Strategy jburnett@nrcan.gc.caFCM Waste Guide (Final Phase: Dissemination) jbarclay@nrcan.gc.caCity of Toronto Waste to Energy jbarclay@nrcan.gc.caLFG Catalyst Test (part 2) jbarclay@nrcan.gc.caManure Digestion jbarclay@nrcan.gc.caExtraction, Separation and Purification Processes for Value-Added Products
mazzag@agr.gc.caashwani.kumar@nrc-
cnrc.gc.caNovel Fractionation Process & Co-Products Related to Ethanol Production
Changp@agr.gc.caSuperior Pectinase for Processing Industrial Hemp and Other Agro-Fibres
wing.sung@nrc-cnrc.gc.caBio-Oil in Lumber Kiln Application Ed.Hogan@nrcan-rncan.gc.caFeasibility of Using Bio-Oil in Steel Making Application
Ed.Hogan@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca
T&I Portfolio 2004-2005
$827,000 CDN invested across…
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Feedstock Activities
1. Crop Residues
2. Purpose Grown Forestry
3. Forestry Residues
4. Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW)
5. Biomass Inventory
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Straw Availability with Livestock
200000 Mt
Conv. Till
Cattle Allow
No Exist
1 / 2 years
Amounts shown are after 750 kg ha-1 have been deducted.
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Net Crop Residue Available
Assumptions:
1. Current Livestock Populations
2. Current Livestock Systems
3. Maintenance of Cereal Acreage
4. Existing Biomass Partitioning
5. 25 % of Producers’ Acreage
6. Residue Collection 1 Year in 4
7. 10 year Average Yields
2 Million Metric Tonnes of Residues
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
GIS Mapping Detail
200000 Mt
Conv. Till
No Cattle
No Exist
1 / 2 years
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
BC Alta Total
Mills 80 20 100Production 7.7 1.6 9.3 mil. tpySurplus 2.1 0.9 3.0 mil. tpy
Chetwynd
PrinceGeorge
Kamloops
Houston
Vancouver
Grande Prairie
Nelson
Calgary
High Level
Edmonton
B.C. Alberta
50,000 tpy
100,000 tpy
250,000 tpy
500,000 tpy
Legend
BC & Alberta Surplus Wood Residue
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Potential Ethanol Production (ML Yr -1)
Source Western
Canada
Eastern
Canada
Total
ML Yr -1
Cereal Residues 600 300 900
Corn Residues 175 175
Cereal Grain 1182 39 1221
Corn Grain 536 536
Perennial Biomass 2350 Unknown 2356
SRF & Forest Wastes Unknown Unknown
Total 5182
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
2nd Hydrolysis
C6 Fermentation
Ethanol
RawMaterial
Detoxification
C5 sugars
C5 Fermentation
Sugar solution for furfural or other co-products
Waste treatmentor co-products
C6 Sugars
Lignin tosteam boiler/Electricity orco-products
Org. material
Lignin & Cellulose1st Hydrolysis
Alcohol Recovery
Dilute Acid Process
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
C6 Fermentation
Ethanolrecovery
C5 Fermentation
Rawmaterial
Drying Waste treatmentor Co-products
Waste treatmentor Co-products
Lignin to steam boiler/electricity
Acid recovery
Conc. Acid
Pretreatment/ Swelling
Dilution
Dil. Acid Sugar/Acid
SeparationSugar/Acid Separation
Sugars
Org. Material
Ethanol
HydrolysisHydrolysis
Sugars & Acid
Concentrated Acid Process
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Gas Clean-Up
EthanolRecovery/Separation
Ethanol
RawMaterial
Gasification
Syn GasConversion
Heavies & Particulates
Particulates &Heavies
Syn Gas(H2, CO)
Syn Gas
Co-Products
Thermochemical Process
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Hydrolysis
C6 Fermentation
AlcoholRecovery
Ethanol
RawMaterial
Detoxification
C5 Sugars
C5 Fermentation
Sugar solution for furfural or other co-products
Delignification
Waste treatmentor co-products
Lignin tosteam boiler/electricity or co-products
Org. Material
Lignin & C6 Sugars
Pretreatment
Enzyme Production
Sugars
Cellulose & Lignin
Enzymatic Process
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Canadian Biodiesel Situation
1. Reduced CO2 emissions
2. Energy balance 3.2 to 1
3. Reduced harmful emissions
4. Non-toxic and biodegradable
5. Market for low-grade materials
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Biodiesel Vision
1. Short Term Biodiesel from low cost oils
2. Short – Medium Term Biodiesel as a co-product of value added oilseed
processing
3. Medium Term Dedicated annual crop
4. Long Term Dedicated perennial fuel crop
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Short Term: Low Cost Oils
1. Rendered tallow and grease
2. Yellow grease
3. Brown grease
4. Oil from damaged canola
5. Oil from treated planting seed
6. Tall oil from the pulping & paper industry
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Biodiesel Feedstock Availability
Recent estimates:100,000+ tonnes of recycled cooking oils.500,000 tonnes of rendered oils from animal fats.Oilseed crushing capacity 2.3 million tonnes.Domestic production 800,000 + tonnes of
vegetable oil.
1.5 million tonnes available for biodiesel and export markets.
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Biodiesel Feedstock Availability
Diesel fuel consumption in Canada (2000) was 19.5 MT (23.2 BL).
Impacts of a renewable fuel standard: 0.5% - about 100,000 tonnes. 2% - about 400,000 tonnes. 5% - about 1 million tonnes.
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Maximum Potential Biodiesel Production
ProvinceTotal Area in
Crops (ha)10% of Area
(hectares)Fuel Yield
(Litres)
BC 565,739 56,574 42,430,410
AB 9,546,556 954,656 715,991,675
SK 14,398,665 1,439,867 1,079,899,900
MB 4,699,151 469,915 352,436,300
ON 3,544,931 354,493 265,869,800
QC 1,738,813 173,881 130,410,980
NB 135,008 13,501 10,125,750
NS 112,364 11,236 8,427,000
PEI 170,361 17,036 12,777,000
NL 7,180 718 538,500
Canada 34,918,767 3,491,877 2,618,908,545
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Transesterification Technology
Vegetable Oil Recycled Fats
Dilute Acid Esterification
Transesterification
Glycerine
Refining
Refining
Methanol Recovery
Sulfuric Acid + Methanol
Methanol + KOH
Crude Glycerin Crude Biodiesel
Glycerin Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Bio-diesel – Hydro-treating
Catalytic Reactor
Separator
Distillation Column
Residual Fuels
Naptha
Super Cetane Middle Distillate
Burner GasHydrogenBiomass Oil
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Recent Activities Supporting Biofuels
1. Renewable Fuel Standard Federal effort: 5% renewable content in all transportation
fuels by 2010, Discussing 5% for ethanol and 2% for diesel.
Ramp up to 10% by 2020 (still under discussion). Total gasoline ~34 BL, diesel 23 BL per year Decision on RFS by Jan. 2007
2. Federal & provincial excise tax relief Largely being substituted by producer & blender credit
system. Concerned with US incentives and trade issues.
3. Ethanol expansion program CDN $100M initiated ~ 1BL per year capacity increase. Discussion on ethanol extension and biodiesel inclusion.
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Recent Activities Supporting Biofuels
4. Biofuel Opportunities for Producers (BOPI) Initiated late 2006 Fund business plan and technology access proposals to
incent producer investment.
5. Multi-government infrastructure program Card-lock accessible biodiesel and E85 fuel for federal,
provincial, and municipal fleets.
6. New Multi-departmental programs Science Commercialization Technology access & import Incentive programs (capital and credits) Industry, University, and federal science working together
on strategic activities.
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Current Capacity
1. Biodiesel 35 ML (Rothsay): Animal fats 60 ML (BIOX): Rendered animal fats
2. Ethanol EEP added ~ 1BL per year capacity Currently have 210 ML per year (Western using
wheat), 520 ML per (Eastern using corn) Within 1 year will have additional capacity.
Canada APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006
Standards
1. Biodiesel: B1 – B5 blend for retail sale using ASTM & EN standards
for biodiesel blend material. B6 – B20 blend likely not for retail but commercial &
government fleets All are blend standards and have same temperature
operability and quality requirements as diesel.
2. Ethanol: Standard exists for E5 – E10. Standard requires ethanol quality and vapour pressure
control.
Note: Fuel standards controlled by the Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB).
APEC Biofuels Task Force Meeting, October 9 – 11, 2006Canada
Thank You for Your Attention !
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