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The Apollo AllianceSatya Rhodes-Conway
satya@apolloalliance.org
608.262.5387
Brian Siu
siu@apolloalliance.org
202.955.5665
Energy ActionBilly Parish
billy@energyaction.net
203.887.7225
New Energy for CampusesEnergy-Saving Policies for
Colleges and Universities
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Introduction
Comprehensive Energy Planning
Renewable and Efficient Power
1. CleanPoweronCampus2. EfficientGeneration3. BuyingRenewablePower
Energy Efficiency and Conservation
1. Efficiency2. InformationTechnology3. Conservation
Buildings, Operations, and Purchasing
1. EnergyAuditsandRetrofits2. Operations3. HighPerformanceBuildings4. PurchasingPolicies
Transportation
1. EfficientFleets2. ImprovingMassTransit3. IncreasingTransportationOptions
Financing Strategies
1. EnergySavingsPerformanceContracts2. AccessingStateDollars3. CleanEnergyFunds4. StudentFees
5. ResponsibleEndowments6. GiftsandGrants
Labor Strategies
1. ApprenticeshipUtilization2. PrevailingWage
About the Authors
Included in this Document
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Introduction
Ourcountryisdependentonanold,outmoded,fossil-fuelenergysystemthatissimultaneouslyspeedingenvironmentaldegradationandmakinguslesssecure.Thereisabetterway.TheApolloAlliancehasaplantoimprovenationalsecuritybyreducingdependenceonoilfromunstableandundemocraticgovernmentsthroughinvestmentsinaresilientenergy
system,andbysupportingnewrenewabledistributedgeneration.TheApolloAllianceplanwillalsorevitalizetheeconomy,expandingmarketsforAmericantechnology,investinginworkers,andimprovingcompetitivenessandproductivity,evenasitprotectsconsumersandtheenvironment.
CollegeanduniversitycampusesareuniquelyplacedtoaffectAmericasenergyfuture.Thehighereducationsectorisa$317billionindustry1thateducatesandemploysmillionsofpeople,maintainsthousandsofbuildingsandownsmillionsofacresofland.Itspendsbillionsofdollarsonfuel,energyandinfrastructure.Andthefootprintofhighereducationiswideningenrollmentbetween2000and2013isexpectedtoincreaseby23%.2Ifeveryoneofthe4000campusesintheU.S.used100%cleanenergy,itwouldnearlyquadruplethecurrentrenewableelectricitydemandintheU.S.3Campusescansetanexamplefortheircommunitiesandthenationbyimplementingalternativeenergy,energyefficiencyandenvironmentalsustainabilityprojectsoncampustodemonstratetheirfeasibilityandcosteffectiveness.Theyarecentersofintellectualpower,capableofleadingexperimentsonnewtechnologies,andusingtheseprojectsasteachingtoolsandresearchopportunitiestobettertheeducationofthenext
generationofvoters,consumers,politicians,andbusinessleaderspeoplewhowillbemakingenergydecisionsforyearstocome.Academiahastraditionallybeenattheforefrontofculturalandtechnologicalchangeandcampusesonceagaincanbethecatalystthatdrivesthiscountyintosustainableenergyindependence.Andyet,fewcampuseshavetakenreal,concretestepstomovetowardacleanerenergyfuture.Onlyabout80campusesinAmericapurchasecleanenergyandmostcampuseshaveonlyimplementedsmallscale,ifworthy,cleanenergyprojects.Onlyahandfulofcampuseshavedevelopedcomprehensiveplans,withtargetsandtimetables,forsubstantially
reducinggreenhousegasemissionsandachievingenergyindependence.Tostrengthenexistingcampusplansandinitiatethemonthethousandsofrelativelydisengagedcampuses,acoalitionof30leadingenvironmentalandsocialjusticeorganizationshaslaunchedtheCampusClimateChalleng(www.campusclimatechallenge.org).TheChallengeisaU.S.andCanada-wide,long-termprojectaimedatmakingcampusesenergyindependentanddramaticallycuttingtheirglobalwarmingpollution.Byconsolidatinghundredsofinitiativesintoaunifiedstructure,theChallengeallowscampusestoshareideas,bestpracticesandresourcestocollaborateinwaysneverbeforepossible.
http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/ -
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TheApolloAllianceandtheCampusClimateChallengerecommendthatallcampusesinstitutesixbasicreforms,thedetailsofwhichareoutlinedinthisdocument.Thesereformsare:
Upgrade to Efficiency:Replaceinefficientappliancesandupgrade
inefficientbuildings. Build Better:Allnewbuildingsshouldbehighperformanceand
energyefficient. Move to Clean Power:Buyorgenerateelectricityfromrenewable
resources. Expand Transportation Alternatives:Makeiteasytogetaroundon
lessfuel. Implement Green Purchasing:Buyproductsthatuselessenergy,
lastlonger,andarebetterfortheenvironment. Institutionalize Conservation:Createacultureofconservationon
campus.
Beyondjustsettinganexampleinefficiency,conservation,andrenewableenergy,collegesanduniversitiesshouldalsomaketheireffortsmodelsofjobcreationandinnovativefinancing.Mostcollegesanduniversitieshaveexistingstandardsforlaborquality;however,campusesshouldreviewtheirlaborpolicestoensurethatcampusworkisdonebyresponsibleemployers.
Theeffortstomakecollegesanduniversitiesmodelsofanewenergypolicyshouldbecarriedoutwithaneyetothefuture.Thereformsthatwillhavethegreatestimpactarethosethatcanbeinstitutionalizednotshort
termorone-timeprojects.Insteadofbuildingonedemonstrationgreenbuilding,campusesshouldinstituteahighperformancebuildingpolicyorestablisharevolvingloanfundthatcouplesprojectsthatsavemoney(likeenergyefficiencyretrofits)withthosethathavealongerpaybacktime(likealternativeenergygeneration).Institutionalizinggoodenergypolicyensuresthattheimpactwillpersistlongafteranyindividualstudent,facultyorstaffpersonhasleftcampus.
Whileachievingenergyindependencemayatfirstseemdaunting,thispublicationaimstomakeitarealitybyhighlightingtheincrediblenumberofwaystobegin.AsDavidOrrsays,Noinstitutionsinmodernsociety
arebetterequippedtocatalyzethenecessarytransitiontoasustainableworldthanuniversities.Theyhaveaccesstotheleadersoftomorrowandtheleadersoftoday.Theyhavebuyingandinvestmentpower.Theyarewidelyrespected.Consequentiallywhattheydomatterstothewiderpublic.4
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New Energy for Campuses,
Comprehensive Energy Planning
1Comprehensive Energy Planning
What Campuses Are Doing Now
The University of Californias newMerced campus,currentlyunderconstructionisauniqueexampleofsustainableplanning.Whileoldercampusesretroactivelyincorporatesustainabledesign,UCMercedhastheadvantageofbeingplannedaroundanintegratedsetofsustainableprinciples.Itisabletoproactivelyidentifyandplanforthemajorenvironmentalpressuresexertedbyuniversities.Asaresult,Mercedusesawiderangeofstrategies.Itscomprehensiveplanincludeselementsofhighperformancebuilding,waterconservation,recyclingandtransportation.AllofMercedsbuildings,forinstance,willmeetorexceedtheLEEDSilverstandard.Thebuildingswillincorporaterecyclinginbothconstructionandongoingwasteminimization.StormwatercollectorswillprovideirrigationandtheMercedtransportationsystemisdesignedtopromotemultimodaltravel.Demonstratingforesight,thecampusplanningprocesscallsforincreasinglystringentefficiencymeasuresasthecampusgrows.5Mercedscomprehensiveapproachcanbeamodelforcampusesundergoingmajorrenovations,additionsandlong-termcampusplanning.
For more information Contact: EJamesSmith,CampusArchitect 209.724.4478 jsmith@ucmerced.edu
College of the AtlanticisimplementinganEnvironmentalManagementSystemthatwillimproveeveryaspectofcampusoperations,includingelectricity,efficiency,liquidtransportationfuelsandongoingeducation.COAwilluse100%renewableenergyfora20yearperiod.6Thisisanunusuallevelofcommitment,evenamongthenationsmostsustainableschools.COAsconsiderableenergydemandfacilitatesmarketdevelopmentintherenewablessector.Eachyear,thecollegeconsumeselectricityequivalentto167homes.Bylinkingthislongtermdemandtocleanenergy,theschooljustifiesprivatesectorinvestmentincleangeneratingcapacity.COAsgreen
tagprocurementfromNativeEnergy,forinstance,supportsconstructionofthefirstNativeAmericanwindfarm.Additionally,theschooldesignsitsbuildingsforefficientperformance,utilizingpassivesolarheatingandefficientlighting.Tomitigatetransportationemissions,theschoolfuelsthetractorsatitsresearchfacilitywithbiodiesel.7Ultimately,theschoolhopesthatitscombinedeffortswillachievea30%greenhousegasreduction.8
For more information Contact: MillardDority,DirectorofCampus
Planning,Buildings,andPublicSafety 207.288.5015ext259 millard@coa.edu
Thelargestandlongesttermenergyimpactonanycampuswillcomefromacomprehensivestrategythat
examinesallcampusenergyuse,theassociatedcosts(bothfinancialandenvironmental),andcomesupwithstrategiesthatreduceenergyuseacrosstheboard.Suchstrategiesshouldlookatallsectorsofenergyuse(buildings,transportation,etc.)andbebothinnovativeandcomprehensive.Theywilllikelyincludemanyofthepoliciesdiscussedbelow,andshouldtakeadvantageofsynergies.Forexample,landuseplanningshouldtakeintoaccounttheavailabilityof(orplanfor)campustransitsystems,andsavingsfromefficiencymeasuresshouldbeusedtofundgreenenergypurchasing.
BillyConnelly,NativeEnergy 617.877.6745 billy.connelly@nativeenergy.com
mailto:jsmith@ucmerced.edumailto:millard@coa.edumailto:billy.connelly@nativeenergy.commailto:billy.connelly@nativeenergy.commailto:millard@coa.edumailto:jsmith@ucmerced.edu -
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, New Energy for Campuses
TheUniversity of British Columbiascomprehensiveplanningprovidesconsiderableimprovementsinuniversityoperations.Alloftheschoolsnewbuildings,forexample,willbeconstructedtotheLEEDSilverrating.9EnergyconsumptionwithinitsgreenbuildingsisoffsetthroughRenewableEnergyCredits.Moreover,UBChascreatedaprogramofsustainabilitycoordinatorstoinfluencebehavior.Thecoordinatorspromoteconservationwithintheschoolsresidencies.Annually,thisprogramsavestheschool$78,000.UBCalsorecentlylauncheditsUniversalTransportationPass,a
programwhichprovidesunlimited,universalaccesstodifferentpublictransportationservices.Byofferingthisconveniencetostudents,theschoolwillreducecongestionandemissionsoncampus.Todate,theseprogramshavebeensuccessful.WhileUBCsstudentpopulationhasgrownby19%,itsbuildingenergyusehasdeclinedby8%.Thecampusgoalistoreduceenergyconsumptioninacademicbuildingsby30%andreduceCO
2emissionsby30,000tonnesannually.10
For more information Contact: JorgeMarques,EnergyManager,UBCCampusSustainabilityOffice 604.822.9309 jorge.marques@ubc.ca
Comprehensive Energy Planning
Resources
The Apollo Alliance(www.apolloalliance.org/)aimstoimproveAmericassecurity,technologicalleadership,economicstrength,andsharedprosperitybyachievingsustainableAmericanenergyindependencethrougheffortsatthenational,stateandlocallevel.
The Campus Climate Challenge(www.campusclimatechallenge.org)websitecontainsprofilesonmostexistingstudent-ledcampusclimateinitiativesandisaclearinghouseforresources,bestpractices,casestudies,speakersandjobopportunities.
The Student PIRGS (www.studentPIRGS.org)areanetworkofstudent-directedandfundedorganizationsworkingtosolvesomeofsocietysbiggestproblems.Basedat100universitiesaroundthecountry,thestudentPIRGSengagethousandsofstudentseachyearinmeaningfulsocialchangework.
University Leaders for a Sustainable Future (www.ulsf.org/)
assistscollegesanduniversitiesinmakingsustainabilityanintegralpartofcurriculum,research,operationsandoutreach.ULSFisalsothesecretariatforsignatoriesoftheTalloiresDeclaration(1990),whichhasbeensignedbymorethan300universitypresidentsandchancellorsaroundtheworld.
CleanAirCoolPlanetsCampuses for Climate Action (www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.php)programaimstoenlistandsupportinstitutionsofhighereducationindemonstratingthatsolutionsareavailable,affordable(evenprofitable),havenumerousbenefits,andcanbesuccessfullyimplementedtoday.
TheAlliancetoSaveEnergysnewGreen Campus Pilot Program(www.ase.org/section/program/greencampus)empowersstudentstostimulateenergysavingsincampusbuildingsandeducatethecampuscommunityaboutthereasonsandmethodsforsavingenergy.
TheEducation for Sustainability Western Network(www.efswest.org/)isaprofessionalassociationofindividualsand
institutionsworkingtomakesustainabilityacentralfocusofhighereducationinthewesternU.S.andCanada.
Second Nature(www.secondnature.org/)helpscampusesmovefromgoodintentionstostrategicaction.
NationalWildlifeFederationsCampus Ecology Program(www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfm)supportsandpromotespositiveandpracticalconservationprojectsoncampusandbeyondtoprotectwildlifebyrestoringhabitatandslowingglobalwarming.
Since1988,theStudent Environmental Action Coalition (www.seac.org/)hasbeenempoweringstudentsandyouthtofightforenvironmentalandsocialjusticeinourschoolsandcommunities.
Comprehensive Energy Planning
http://www.apolloalliance.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.ulsf.org/http://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.phphttp://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.phphttp://www.ase.org/section/program/greencampushttp://www.ase.org/section/program/greencampushttp://www.ase.org/section/program/greencampushttp://www.efswest.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.secondnature.org/http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfmhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfmhttp://www.seac.org/http://www.seac.org/http://www.seac.org/http://www.seac.org/http://www.seac.org/http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfmhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/index.cfmhttp://www.secondnature.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.efswest.org/http://www.ase.org/section/program/greencampushttp://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.phphttp://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.phphttp://www.ulsf.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.apolloalliance.org/ -
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New Energy for Campuses,
Renewable and Efcient Power
1Clean Power on Campus
I
nstallingrenewablegeneratingcapacityoncampusisagreatwaytoreduceenergybillswhileeducatingthe
campuscommunityaboutrenewableenergy.Dependingontheirlocation,campusescantakeadvantageofsolar,wind,biomassand/orgeothermalresources.Renewableenergygenerationcanreducetheneedtopurchaseenergy(heatingwaterwithsolarpower,forexample,meansburninglessfuel),candirectlysupplyelectricitytobuildings,orcanproduceelectricitytosellbacktoutilities(ifthestatehasanetmeteringlaw.)Theseprojectssaveonenergycosts,helpdevelopamarketforrenewabletechnologies,anddisplayavisiblepubliccommitmenttoasustainableenergyfuture.Universitybuildingsspendatleast22%oftheirenergybudgetsonelectricity.11Solarelectricoptionsinclude
photovoltaicarraysorparabolictroughstoproduceelectricity.Campusescanalsogenerateelectricityfromwind,eitherbyinstallingawindturbineonornearcampus,orbycontractingwithawinddevelopertofundtheconstructionof(andreceivetheelectricityfrom)aturbineatanexistingwindfarm.Campuseswithexistingcoalfiredelectricplantscanreplacesomeofthecoaltheyusewithbiomassfromagricultural,forestryorpaperwaste.Onaverage,auniversitybuildingspends24%ofitsenergybudgetonheatingwater. 12Solarwaterheaterscanreducetheneedforconventionalwaterheatingbyabouttwo-thirds.Byprovidinghotwaterforbuildingsorpools,solarwaterheatingminimizestheuseofelectricityorfossilfuel.13Anotherwaytoreduceenergyuseandsavemoneyistoinstallgeothermalheatingsystemsonnewconstructionprojectsorrenovations.Thesesystemscanemployeitheradirect-useorheatpumpdesign.GeothermalheatpumpsaredesignedtoreducetheenergydemandsonbuildingsHVACsystemsinbothhotandcoldweather.Theheatpumptransfersheatfromthesoiltothebuildinginwinterandfromthebuildingtothesoilinsummer,usinganenvironmentallyfriendlyheatexchangefluidsimilartoantifreeze.Thisprocessisveryefficient,reducingelectricityconsumptionby25%to50%;14moreover,operatingandmaintenancecostsarequitelow.NaturalresourcesforgeothermalheatpumpsexistacrosstheentireUnitedStates.Bycontrast,direct-use
systemstaphotsubterraneanwaterforspaceheating.DirectuseresourcesaremostprevalentintheWesternUnitedStates.
Since1984,morethan30campuseshaveinstalledover11MWofcleanenergy,includingsolarinCaliforniaandGeorgia,andwindinMinnesotaandRhodeIsland.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
St. Olaf Collegeisconstructinga1.6MWwindturbinetopoweritscampus.Theturbinestotalcostwillbe$1.9millionbut$1.5millionwillbefundedthroughgrantmoneyfromXcelEnergy.Generating6millionkilowatthoursannually,theturbinewillsupplyonethirdofSt.Olafsenergyrequirements.TheassociatedemissionsoffsetsareexpectedtobringthecollegeintocompliancewiththeKyotoProtocol.15
For more information Contact: PaulJackson,AssistantProfessorofChemistry 507.646.3404 jackson@stolaf.edu
In2004,theUniversity of Coloradoinstalleditsfirstphotovoltaicsystem.At7.5kWofinstalledcapacity,thesystemgeneratesenoughenergytomeetoneandahalftimestheUCEnvironmentalCentersrequirements.ThePVsystemisconnectedtoakioskthatallowsstudentstomonitorthesystemsreal-timeoutput.Thesystem
wasfundedbyXcelEnergysRenewableEnergyTrustFund,UniversityofColoradoStudentUnionsFinanceBoard,andmoneyfromthepreviousyearsenergypledgecardcampaign.16
For more information Contact: GhitaCarroll,EnergyProgramManager 303.492.3229 ghita.carroll@colorado.edu
TheOregon Institute of Technologyhasbeentappinggeothermalenergysince1964.Thisalonedemonstratesgeothermalenergyslongtermreliability.OITsdirect-usesystemusesthreegeothermalwellsbetween1,300feetand1,800feetdeep.Thesewellssupplyallheatingneedsforthe11building,600,000squarefootcampus.Additionally,thewellsmeetsomeofthecampusscoolingrequirements.
OITsgeothermalsystemcosts$35,000tooperateeachyear.17
Thisisconsiderablybetterthantheoperationalcostofanaturalgasfiredboilerat$250,000to$300,000peryear.18
For more information Contact: JohnLund,DirectorofGeo-HeatCenter 541.885.1750 lundj@oit.edu
The University of Iowaisshiftingitsenergysourcesfromcoaltobiomass.TheUIpowerfacility,whichsupplies100%ofcampusheatand30%ofcampuselectricity,historicallyoperatedoncoal.Morerecently,theplanthasaddedoathullstheoutershellofanoatgraintoitsfuelmix.Eachyear,oathullsreplacebetween25,000and30,000tonsofcoal,savingtheschoolover$500,000infuelcosts.TheswitchresultedinlargereductionsinNO
x,SO
2,CO
2,particulatematter,andvolatile
organiccompounds.TheseenvironmentalimprovementsallowUItosellemissionsoffsetsontheChicagoClimateExchange,strengtheningthesystemsfinancialvalue.19
For more information Contact: P.F.Milster,SeniorEngineer,FacilitiesManagement 319.335.5132 pmilster@iowa.uiowa.edu
mailto:jackson@stolaf.edumailto:ghita.carroll@colorado.edumailto:lundj@oit.edumailto:pmilster@iowa.uiowa.edumailto:pmilster@iowa.uiowa.edumailto:lundj@oit.edumailto:ghita.carroll@colorado.edumailto:jackson@stolaf.edu -
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, New Energy for Campuses
Renewable and Efcient Power
2Efcient Generation through Combined Heat and Power
C
ampusescansignificantlyimprovetheefficiencyoftheirelectricalandheatingsystemsthroughthe
useofcombinedheatandpower(CHPorcogeneration)technology.CHPsystemsusethesamefuelcombustiontoproduceboththermalenergyforheating(usuallyintheformofsteam)andelectricity(oftenviaasteam-driventurbine).Theseefficientsystemsrecoverheatthatnormallywouldbewastedinanelectricplant,andsavethefuelthatwouldotherwisebeusedtoproduceheatorsteaminaseparateunit.CHPfuelsavingsaretypically35%comparedtostandardpowerstationsandheatonlyboilers,20andCHPplantsare7090%efficient,comparedtoefficienciesof3360%forstandardpowerplants.21Thisincreaseinefficiencyanddecreaseinfuelusetranslatesintocostsavingsandemissionsreductions.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
Colby CollegesCHPsystemsignificantlybooststheschoolsoperationalperformance.Steampipedforspaceheatingconcurrentlypowersaconventionalturbineforelectricityproduction.Therecuperatedenergyproduces1,700,000kWhofelectricityeachyear,saving$150,000inenergycosts.22
For more information Contact: DaleDeBlois,EnvironmentalInitiativeCoordinator 207.872.3719 ddeblois@colby.edu
University of North CarolinaChapel HillsCHPplantprovidestheUniversitywithone-thirdoftheelectricityandalloftheheatitneedsannually.Theplantreliesonanadvancedtechnologycalledcirculatingfluidizedbed,whichcombustsfuelcomponentsthatareoftenallowedupthestackatoldercoal-firedgenerators.Thethousandsoftonsofflyashproducedannuallyarereusedforsewagetreatmentandstructuralfill.
ThefacilityhaswonmultipleawardsfromtheUSEPA.For more information Contact: RalphTaylor,UNCEnergyManager 919.962.7283 ralph.taylor@energy.unc.edu
3Buying Renewable Power
Campusescanandshouldpurchasesomeoralloftheirelectricityfromrenewablesources.BuyingrenewableenergynotonlyleadstoreductionsinNO
X,SO
2,and
greenhousegases,italsocreatesgood,environmentally
friendlyjobsandreducesourrelianceonforeignresources.Itsimportanttobesurethatacleanenergypurchasecausestheutilitytoincreaseitsrenewablegeneratingcapacity,ratherthanjustbuyingexistingcapacity.Todate,morethan80educationalinstitutionsintheU.S.arebuyingrenewableenergyontheorderof500,000MWHperyearandatleastfivecampusesarepoweredby100%cleanenergy.
Therearethreewaystopurchasegreenpower:greenpricing,greenpowermarketing,andRenewableEnergyCertificates(RECs).Someutilitiesoffercustomersgreenpricing,wherecustomerscanchoosetopurchase(oftenatapremium)renewableenergy.In
somestates,greenpowermarketingthedirectpurchaseofrenewableenergyfromgeneratorsisavailable.RECs,alsoknownasgreencertificates,greentags,ortradablerenewablecertificates,representtheenvironmentalattributesofthepowerproducedfromrenewableenergyprojectsandaresoldseparatefromcommodityelectricity.Customerscanbuygreencertificateswhetherornottheyhaveaccesstogreenpowerthroughtheirlocalutilityoracompetitiveelectricitymarketer.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
Eachyear,Concordia Universitypurchases5.5millionkilowatthoursofrenewablepowerthroughAustinEnergysGreenChoiceRenewableEnergyProgram.
ThisvolumeallowsConcordiaUniversitytooperateentirelyonrenewableenergy.Theenvironmentalbenefitsaresignificant,eliminatingroughly8millionpoundsofannualCO
2emissions.Thishascomparablebenefitstoplanting1,000acresoftrees
orcuttingthetailpipeemissionsof700vehicles.Asthefirstschooltobe100%renewable,ConcordiahasearnedtheEPAsGreenPowerLeadershipClubaward.23
For more information Contact: RonPetty,FacilitiesManager 512.486.1116 Ron.Petty@concordia.edu
TheCalifornia State University (CSU) System,thelargestfouryearuniversitysystemintheworld,hascommittedtomeeting20%ofitsenergydemandwithrenewablepowerby2010.CSUwillbeginbypurchasing34,000MWhworthofRenewableEnergyCredits(RECS)from86%windenergyand14%landfillgas.24This
significantquantityhasestablishedCSUasaleaderincleanenergyprocurement.CSUsrenewableenergymandateisonecomponentofalargersetofactivities.TheCSUsystemplanstoreducedemandby15%by201025andtocomplete50MWofselfgenerationcapacity,substantiallycircumventingmarketinstability.Thiscapacitywilltapcleantechnologiessuchassolarandcombinedheatandpower.26Collectively,theCSUpolicieswillavoid80,000tonsofCO
2releaseby2010,effectivelypushing
emissions17%belowtheir2004levels.27
For more information Contact: AdrianaUcros,CapitalPlanning,Design&Construction 562.951.4085 aucros@calstate.edu
EdClark,AustinEnergyPublicInformatio 512.322.6514 ed.clark@austinenergy.com
mailto:ddeblois@colby.edumailto:Ron.Petty@concordia.edumailto:aucros@calstate.edumailto:ed.clark@austinenergy.commailto:ed.clark@austinenergy.commailto:aucros@calstate.edumailto:Ron.Petty@concordia.edumailto:ddeblois@colby.edu -
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New Energy for Campuses,
Energy Efciency and Conservation
1Efciency
M
akingtheenergyyourcampususesgofurthersavesbothnaturalresourcesandmoneyby
decreasingfossilfueluseanditsenvironmentalconsequences.Energyefficiencyupgradesalsocreatemorejobsthanenergygenerationtechnologies.Effectivecampaignscangeneratesavingsthatcouldbereinvestedincleanenergygenerationoradditionalefficiencyprojectsoncampus.Improvingenergyefficiencyonyourcampusmeansupgradingbuildingsandtechnology.Lighting,appliances,computers,heatingandcoolingarejustsomeoftheplacesthatmoreefficientequipmentcanhaveanimpact.Forexample,VendingMisers,aproductdesignedtosaveenergyinvendingmachinesbyadjustingthecompressorcycleandturningoffmachinelighting,canbeinstalledinmostcolddrinkmachines.28Anestimated22%ofuniversitybuildings
energybudgetsareforlighting.29
Occupancysensorsdesignedtoturnofflightswhenanareaisnotinusecanbeinstalledinclassrooms,offices,andbathrooms.Thelightsthemselvescanbeupgradedtohighefficiencybulbs,whichuselesselectricityandlastlongerthanconventionalbulbs.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
Overasixyearperiod,theUniversity of Michigancompletedenergyefficiencyprojectsin123campusbuildings.Themeasuresincludedlightingupgrades,efficientapplianceprocurement,adjustmentstomechanicalsystems,andenvironmentalcontrolsystems.Beginning2005,theschoolexpectstheimprovementstoproduce$9.7millioninyearlyenergycostsavings.In2004,theEPAnamedtheschoolanEnergyStarPartneroftheYear.30
For more information Contact: DianeBrown,SeniorInformationCoordinator,FacilitiesandOperations 734.936.2323 dianebr@umich.edu
Energy Efciency and Conservation Resources
ENERGY STARforHigherEducation(www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducation)isagovernment-backedprogramhelpingcampusesprotecttheenvironmentthroughsuperiorenergyefficiency.
ThroughRebuild America,(www.rebuild.org/lawson/energyefficiency.asp)theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyprovidesanexcellentgatheringoflinks,usefulforinstitutionalenergyefficiency.
TheAmerican Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (www.aceee.org/progpage.htm)hasprogramscoveringbuildings,equipmentandtransportation.
Tufts Universityhasprovidedtheircalculationsforestimating overall computer energyuse.Thesecalculationsmaybeduplicatedatotheruniversities.(www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDF).
Renewable and Efcient Power Resources
The Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy(www.dsireusa.org/)providesacompressivelistofrenewableenergyincentivesthatcanbringdowninvestmentcostsforeducationalprojectdevelopers.
TheUnion of Concerned Scientists(www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/)offersextensiveinformationonrenewableenergyandbuying green power (www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.html).
TheU.S. Combined Heat and Power Association(uschpa.admgt.com/)bringstogetherdiversemarketintereststopromotethegrowthofclean,efficientCHPintheUnitedStates.
TheUSDOEsEnergy Information Portal(www.eere.energy.gov/)isagatewaytohundredsofWebsitesandthousandsofonlinedocumentsonenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergy.
mailto:dianebr@umich.eduhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.rebuild.org/lawson/energyefficiency.asphttp://www.aceee.org/progpage.htmhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.dsireusa.org/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.htmlhttp://uschpa.admgt.com/http://www.eere.energy.gov/http://www.eere.energy.gov/http://uschpa.admgt.com/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/buy-green-power.htmlhttp://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/http://www.dsireusa.org/http://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/pdf/Computer%20calculations.PDFhttp://www.aceee.org/progpage.htmhttp://www.rebuild.org/lawson/energyefficiency.asphttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=higher_ed.bus_highereducationmailto:dianebr@umich.edu -
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, New Energy for Campuses
2Information Technology
O
neofthehiddencostsofnewtechnologyisincreasedenergyconsumption.Atypicalpersonalcomputer
leftincontinuousoperationcostsabout$120peryear.However,whensystemspowerdownduringhoursofnonuse,theoperatingcostdropsto$20annually.31Campusescandoseveralthingstoreducetheenergyfootprintoftheirtechnology.Theycanpurchaseefficient,EnergyStarcomputers,printers,andotherequipment.Theycanmakesurethatallunitspowerdown,orsleep,whennotinuse,andtheycanencourageenergysavingbehaviorincomputerusers.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
Owning4,300computers,Tufts Universityhasakeeninterestinefficientperformance.Whilemostemployeespowerdowntheircomputersatnight,duringthedaymanyusescreensaverswhichlimitpowersavings.Theuniversityisimplementingpowermanagementsoftwarewhichshutsdownthemonitorduringnonuse.Additionally,theschoolisattemptingtoteachitsemployeestoshutdowncomputersduringextendedperiodsofinactivity.32Tuftsestimatesthatfacultyandstudentspoweringdowntheircomputersdownbetweenoneandfivehoursperdaywouldavoid590tonsofannualcarbonemissionsandsaveupto$90,000inelectricitycosts.33
For more information Contact: AnjaKollmuss,ProjectCoordinator 617.627.5517 Anja.kollmuss@tufts.edu
Energy Efciency and Conservation
3Conservation
Oneofthemostcost-effectivewaystoreduceenergyuseonyourcampusisthroughconservationandefficiency.Conservationrequiresbehavioralchanges,butdoesntmeansacrificingcomfort.Itcanbeassimpleasturningoutthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.Manycampuseshavecomeupwithpublicawarenessprogramsorfriendlycompetitionsbetweendormstoencourageenergyconservation.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
SinceAugust2004,University of VictoriahasreducedcampusenergyconsumptionthroughitsEnergyConservationAwarenesscampaign.Thecampaignemploysanumberofcampusspecificinitiativestomitigateenergyuse.InApril2004,forinstance,theschoolformedtheGreenResidenceteam.The32-studentcontingentstreamlinescampusenergyusethroughanumberofbehavioralactivitiessuchaspoweringdowndevicesandturningofflightsduringnonusehours.Inaddition,UVichostsanenergysavingscompetitionamongdormstoreduceenergyuserelativetobaselineconsumption.
For more information Contact: SarahWebb,SustainabilityCoordinator 250.472.5011 sarahwebb@fmgt.uvic.ca
TheHarvard ResourceEfficiencyProgram(REP)isapeereducationprogramwherestudentsexchangesustainabilitystrategies.Undertheprogram,eachdormisassignedastudentenvironmentalliaisonwhodisseminatesenvironmentallysoundhabits.Thedormitoryfocusissensiblegiventhat98%ofHarvardundergraduatesliveindorms.TheHarvardGreenCupcompetitionisakeyexampleofhowREPadvocatesandmonitorsenergyconsumption.TheGreenCupawardsacashprizetotheresidencewiththelargestenergyreductionsrelativetothebuildingsthreeyearaverageconsumption.Thisflexibleapproachallowsstudentstoadoptavarietyofenergysavingmeasureswhichintegratewiththeirlifestyles.Theprocessteaches
studentsvaluablebehaviorssuchasshuttingoffcomputersandlights,airdryinglaundry,recycling,andpurchasingEnergyStarappliances.34
For more information Contact: HarvardGreenCampusInitiative www.greencampus.harvard.edu/rep/index.php
mailto:Anja.kollmuss@tufts.edumailto:sarahwebb@fmgt.uvic.cahttp://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/rep/index.phphttp://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/rep/index.phpmailto:sarahwebb@fmgt.uvic.camailto:Anja.kollmuss@tufts.edu -
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New Energy for Campuses,
Buildings, Operations, and Purchasing
B
uildingsaretheleadingenergyusersinAmerica,accountingforover$280billioninannualenergy
costs.35Collegesanduniversitiescontrolaremarkablenumberofbuildingsfromofficespacetohousingtoclassroomstoathleticfacilitiesandmustpayforenergyuseinallofthem.Themeanageofuniversitybuildingsis35.5years,36somanybuildingsareusingmoreenergythantheyneedto.Simpleretrofitstowindows,insulation,andelectrical,lighting,orheatingsystemscanyieldlargeenergycostsavings.Suchretrofitsnotonlysavemoney,theyalsoleadtoincreasedproductivitybystudentsandworkerswhousethebuildings.Campusesshouldestablisha10-yearscheduleforacomprehensiveenergyauditandretrofitoftheirbuildings.
1Energy Audits and Retrots
What Campuses Are Doing Now
Builtinthe1960s,Eastern Illinois Universityhadaccumulatedabacklogofcosteffectiveefficiencyopportunities.TheschoolcontractedwithanEnergyServiceCompany(ESCO,describedinourfinancialstrategiessection)toaudititsfacilities.TheESCOfoundinefficientlightingin30buildings.Ultimately,theauditledtoinstallationofmorethan10,000highefficiencylightingballasts,300occupancydetectorsand200highefficiencyLEDexitsigns.Eachyeartheschoolsaves3.7millionkWhinelectricityconsumption.Theprojectcostjustover$1millionbutsavesbetween$250,000and$300,000annuallya30%returnoninvestment.37
For more information Contact: CathyGray,DirectorofPhysicalPlants 217.581.2179 clgray@eiu.edu
WorkingthroughanEnergyServiceCompany,Allegheny Collegeidentifiedsignificant
inefficienciesintendifferentbuildings.Theauditrevealedavarietyofpotentialprojectsincludinglightingupgrades,HVACretrofits,andsynchronizingboilerandradiatorheatstoperiodsofhighandlowuse.Eachyear,theseimprovementsprevent2,940poundsofNO
X,4,887poundsofSO
2,and935tonsofCO
2emissions.They
alsosave$64,000inannualenergycosts.Theschoolusesthesesavingstopurchasewindenergyfor7.5%ofitselectricaldemand.38
For more information Contact: KenHanna,DirectorofPhysicalPlant 814.332.2865 khanna@allegheny.edu
AnenergyauditatAlamo Community Collegerevealednumerousinefficiencies,andimprovementsweremadetocampuslightingsystems,HVAC,andcoolingtowers.
ThecollegealsoinstitutedaprocesscalledContinuousCommissioning,wherethefacilitysmajorcomponentsareperiodicallycheckedandoptimized.Theauditidentified$2.7millioninpossibleefficiencyupgrades.Theupgrades,however,wouldsave$511,364inannualenergycosts,enablingcostrecoveryin5.4years.39
For more information Contact: JoB.Tucker,WorkforceDevelopment 210.587.4422 jtucker@accd.edu
mailto:clgray@eiu.edumailto:khanna@allegheny.edumailto:jtucker@accd.edumailto:jtucker@accd.edumailto:khanna@allegheny.edumailto:clgray@eiu.edu -
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, New Energy for Campuses
B
uildingoperationshowabuildingisrunday-to-dayhavealargeimpactonenergyuseand
theenvironment.Heatingandcooling,forexample,iscriticaltothecomfortofoccupantsandcanalsohaveasubstantialfinancialimpact.SUNYBuffaloestimatesthateachdegreeofoverheatingorovercoolingcosts$100,000peryearinunnecessaryenergyuse.40TheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilhasdevelopedsustainablebuilding-operationsguidelines41thatcapturebothabuildingsphysicalsystems(equipment,design,landuse,etc.)andalsothewaythebuildingisoccupiedandoperatedbyitsmanagers(wastemanagement,temperaturemonitoring,commutingprograms,etc.).CampusescanseekLEED-EBcertificationfortheirbuildings.
In2002alone,buildingconstructiononcollegecampusestotaled$11billion,ofwhich64%wasdedicatedtonewbuildings.43High-performancebuildingusesacomprehensiveapproachtocreateenvironmentallysustainable,healthyandproductive,andeconomicalbuildings.Thesetechniqueshavebeenshowntoreducebuildingenergycostsby2050%44andwaterusagebyatleast50%outdoorsand30%indoors.45Theincreasedenergyefficiencyofthesebuildingspaysforitselfinlowerheatingandelectricbills,reducedwaterandwaste,loweroperationsandmaintenancecosts,andenhancedoccupantproductivityandhealth.46Manyhighperformancebuildingsincluderenewableenergygenerationsuchasphotvoltaicpowerorsolartroughs,aswell.Employeesinhighperformancebuildingsaremoreproductiveandtheenvironmentalbenefitsaresharedthroughoutthecampuscommunity.TheLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)systemisbecomingtheindustrystandardinsustainabledesign.LEEDprovidesapointbasedsystem,wheredevelopersgaincreditsforintegratinggreendesignfeaturesintotheirbuildings.Whenacertainnumberofcreditsarereached,thebuildingearnsLEEDcertification.
2Operations
3High Performance Buildings
What Campuses Are Doing Now
TheUniversity of Vermontusesacentralizedenvironmentalcontrolsystemtooperatemanyofitslargebuildings.Thesystemadjustsbothlightingandtemperatureforperiodsofhighandlowoccupancy.Thisensuresconsistentefficiencybyremovingthepossibilityofhumanerror.Buildingsthatarenotintegratedintothecentralcontrolsystemhavebeenretrofittedwithprogrammablethermostatsthatadjusttemperatureduringlowoccupancyperiods.42
For more information Contact: RichardWolbach,EnergyManagementEngineer 802.656.2186 energy@zoo.uvm.edu
What Campuses Are Doing Now
With1.1millionsquarefeetofLEEDqualifiedbuildingstock,Emory Universityisapioneerinbuildingefficiency.Emorysaccomplishmentsextendbeyondvolumetoquality.In2005,theUSGreenBuildingCouncilawardedEmorysGoizuetaBusinessSchoolLEEDGoldcertification-adifficultaccomplishmentbyanymeasure.TheGoizuetaSchooljoinsrankswithEmorysWhiteheadBiomedicalResearchBuilding,whichbecamethefirstLEEDcertifiedfacilityintheSoutheast.47
For more information Contact: LauraCase,ProjectManager,FacilitiesManagement 404.727.5543 lcase2@fmd.emory.edu
TheDonaldBrenSchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandManagementattheUniversityof California, Santa BarbaraisoneofthefirstbuildingstoachievetheLEEDPlatinumratingastandardreservedforthemostsustainablebuildings.Toachieveitsrating,thebuildingincludedasetofcreativefeaturesinareasincludingefficiency,landscapingandrenewables.Forexample,thebuildingsdesignmaximizesnaturalairflow,reducingtherelianceonmechanicalventilation.Motiondetectorscontrolhighefficiencylightstoreduceunnecessaryelectricityuse.Thesystemalsomonitorslightingconditionsandadjustsitsoutputaccordingly.Efficientlandscapingprovidesshadetoreducethebuildingscoolingrequirements.Together,thesefeaturespushthebuildingsenergyconsumption30%belowCaliforniasmodelbuildingcode.Thebuildingprocuresalargeportionoftheremainingenergyfromrenewableresources.
Twentyfivepercentofbuildingelectricitycomesfromlandfillgasandanadditional7%fromroofmountedsolarpanels.48
For more information Contact: PerrinPellegrin,SustainabilityManager 805.893.2661ext2208 perrin.pellegrin@dcs.ucsb.edu
Buildings, Operations, and Purchasing
mailto:energy@zoo.uvm.edumailto:lcase2@fmd.emory.edumailto:perrin.pellegrin@dcs.ucsb.edumailto:perrin.pellegrin@dcs.ucsb.edumailto:lcase2@fmd.emory.edumailto:energy@zoo.uvm.edu -
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New Energy for Campuses,
Buildings, Operations, and Purchasing
4Purchasing Policies
I
nadditiontoowningandregulatinglargeamountsofrealestate,buildings,andtransportation
infrastructure,campusesalsopurchaseanimmensenumberofproductseverythingfrompapertopaint,motoroiltoheating,ventilating,andair-conditioning(HVAC)systems.Thesegoodsallrequireenergyandresourcestoproduce,package,transport,use,and/ordispose.Thishasledcampusesacrossthecountrytoimplementpurchasingpoliciesthatfavorlocal,energyefficient,recycled,and/ordurableproducts.Choosingproductswhoselife-cycleimpactsareminimalcansaveenergy,reduceemissions,increasethemarketforhighperformanceproductsandevensavemoney.
Anotheraspectofcampuspurchasingisfoodservice.Therearemanyenergyimplicationsinthepurchase,preparationanddisposaloffood,includingtransportation,packaging,anddisposalofwaste.Campuseshaveinstitutedrecyclingprograms,startedcomposting,andimplementedpurchasingpreferencesforproductswithrecycledcontent(likenapkins)orwithminimal(ormoreenvironmentally-friendly)packaging.Someareevencommittingtobuyacertainpercentageoftheirfoodfromlocalfarmers,whichinfusesmoneybackintothelocaleconomyaswellassavingontransportationcosts.Foodservicecanalsobeasourceofwastevegetableoiltoproducebiodieselorfordirectuseinvehiclesconvertedtorunonfryergrease.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
Rutgers,arecognizedleaderinEnvironmentallyPreferablePurchasing,exercisessustainableprocurementateachpracticableopportunity.Inadditiontopurchasingenergyefficientappliancesanddevices,RUalsoincorporatesrecycledmaterialsandsustainablelandscaping.TheschoolhasnegotiatedanagreementwithKinkostopricecopyingjobsonrecycledpaperatorbelowthevirginpaperprice.
For more information Contact: PriscillaHayes,EnvironmentalCoordinator 732.932.9155ext233 hayes@aesop.rutgers.edu
Duke Universitys greenpurchasingguidelinesincludeenergyefficiencyprovisionsgoverninganumberofappliances.Theschoolincludesheatingandcoolingsystemsunderitsprocurementpolicies,givingpreferencetostateoftheartefficiencytechnology.DukealsocallsforEnergyStarequipmentwheneverpracticable.IfEnergyStarequipmentisunavailable,theschoolgivespreferencetoproductsintheupper25%efficiencybracket,asdocumentedbytheFederalEnergyManagementProgram.49
For more information Contact: SamHummel,EnvironmentalSustainabilityCoordinator 919.475.8136 sam.hummel@duke.edu
YalesBerkeleyCollegeprocuresnearlyhalfofitsfoodfromlocalfarmerswithsustainablepractices,substantiallyreducingtheamountoffuelusedtotransportproduce.Additionally,sustainableagricultureoffsetstheneedforenergyintensivefertilizersandfossilfuel-intensivemachinery.Byrewardingtheseresponsiblebusinesses,YaleUniversitycreatesasignificantmarketforsustainableagriculture
inthearea.Theshifttofresh,localingredientshasalsoraisedthequalityandpopularityofcampusdining.Thedininghallhasbecomesopopularthatitattractslinesofstudentsfromotherdorms.50
For more information Contact: MelinaShannon-DiPietro,AssociateDirector,YaleSustainableFoodProject 203.432.2084 Melina.shannon-dipietro@yale.edu
Buildings, Operations, and Purchasing
Resources
TheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil(www.usgbc.org/)formulatesandcodifiesLEEDcriteria.TheirsitehostsacollectionofusefulmaterialsrelatedtoLEED certification.TheLEEDforExistingBuildings(www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221&)standardprovidesarecognized,performance-basedbenchmarkforbuildingownersandoperatorstomeasureoperations,improvementsandmaintenanceonaconsistentscale.
Twenty-FiveSimpleThingsUniversitiesCanDoToCreateHighPerformance Buildings(www.efswest.org/working/25things.doc)
University of Minnesotas sustainable building guidelines(www.sustainabledesignguide.umn.edu/MSDG/guide2.html)
Stanford Universitys sustainable building guidelines (cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdf)
Buying For The Future: Contract Management and theEnvironmental ChallengebyKevinLyonsdemonstrateshowtomakeenvironmentallysoundpurchasingdecisions.(www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287)
Getting an A at Lunch: Smart Strategies to Reduce Waste inCampus Dining(DavidSaphire,1998)describessimplestrategiesthathavebeensuccessfullyemployedoncampusesaroundthecountrytopreventthiswastethoughmoreefficientmaterialsuse.(www.informinc.org/getatlunch.php)
mailto:hayes@aesop.rutgers.edumailto:sam.hummel@duke.edumailto:Melina.shannon-dipietro@yale.eduhttp://www.usgbc.org/http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221&http://www.efswest.org/working/25things.dochttp://www.efswest.org/working/25things.dochttp://www.efswest.org/working/25things.dochttp://www.sustainabledesignguide.umn.edu/MSDG/guide2.htmlhttp://www.sustainabledesignguide.umn.edu/MSDG/guide2.htmlhttp://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287http://www.informinc.org/getatlunch.phphttp://www.informinc.org/getatlunch.phphttp://www.informinc.org/getatlunch.phphttp://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=115287http://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://cpm.stanford.edu/process_new/Sustainable_Guidelines.pdfhttp://www.sustainabledesignguide.umn.edu/MSDG/guide2.htmlhttp://www.efswest.org/working/25things.dochttp://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221&http://www.usgbc.org/mailto:Melina.shannon-dipietro@yale.edumailto:sam.hummel@duke.edumailto:hayes@aesop.rutgers.edu -
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0, New Energy for Campuses
Transportation
C
ollegesanduniversitiesownlargenumbersofvehiclesforusebytheiremployees.Historically,efficiencyand
environmentalimpacthavenotbeenlargeconsiderationsinthesevehiclespurchase;however,somecampuseshavebeguntakingstepstoensurethatthesevehiclesoperatemoreefficientlyandcleanly.Reducingthesizeoffleetsorreducingvehicleusethroughchangesindrivingbehaviorarewaystosaveenergy,butupgradingfleetvehiclesismorelikelytohavealastingimpact.Thereareseveraloptionstocleanupcampusfleets,theeasiestofwhichissimplyalteringpurchasingguidelinestofavorthemostfuelefficientvehiclesavailable.Suchvehiclesreducefuelcostswithoutsacrificingperformance.Otheroptionsincludepurchasingalternativefuelvehicleslikeregularplug-inhybrids,andvehiclesthatrunonethanol,biodieselorcompressednaturalgas.Existingdieselvehiclescan
easilybeconvertedtorunonbiodiesel,eitheramixor100%,andsomefleetsmayalreadyincludeflex-fuelvehicleswhichcanrunonupto85%ethanol.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
In2000and2003,theUniversity of MinnesotaaddedE85(a15%gasoline/85%ethanolblend)fuelingstationsattwoofitscampuses.Between60and70universityvehicleswillbeabletorefuelattheoutlets.TheadditionsearnedBillRoberts,FleetServicesDirector,theAmericanLungAssociationsExtraMileAward.51
For more information Contact: BillRoberts,UniversityofMinnesotaFleetServicesDirector 612.625.8020 rober029@umn.edu
In2003,dieselemissionsspurredwidespreadairqualityconcernsamong DukeUniversitysstudentpopulation.Inresponse,DukesEnvironmentalAlliancepublishedabiodieselcostbenefitanalysiswhichsecureda$28,000grantfromtheTriangleCleanCitiesCoalition.Thegrantfundedapilotprogramtoinvestigatefuelingcampusbuseswitha20%biodieselblend.B20hasconsiderableenvironmentaladvantages,releasingatleast15%fewerparticulateemissionsthanconventionaldiesel.52Theprogramwassuccessful;Dukesentirebusfleetandseveralmaintenancevehiclespresentlyusebiodiesel.
For more information Contact: SamHummel,EnvironmentalSustainabilityCoordinator 919.475.8136 sam.hummel@duke.edu
Inearly2005,The University of Wisconsinstartedusinga20%biodiesel/80%ultralowsulfurdieselmixinitsdieselfleet.Theblendisexpectedtoreduceparticulateemissionsby15%,CO
2emissionsby16%,andcuthydrocarbonuseby
13%.53
For more information Contact:
RobKennedy,SeniorTransportationPlanner 608.263.3027 rkennedy@fpm.wisc.edu
1Efcient Fleets
mailto:rober029@umn.edumailto:sam.hummel@duke.edumailto:rkennedy@fpm.wisc.edumailto:rkennedy@fpm.wisc.edumailto:sam.hummel@duke.edumailto:rober029@umn.edu -
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New Energy for Campuses,
M
asstransitintheformofbusesorrailcansaveenergy,reducepollution,reducetheneedfor
parking,alleviatecongestion,andprovideeconomicaltransportationalternativesforfaculty,staffandstudents.Campuses,dependingontheirsizeandlocation,mayhavetheirownmasstransitsystems,ormaypartnerwithcitiesandcountiestoprovidethisservice.Existingcampusbussystemsshouldconsiderintegratingwithcityandcountysystemstoimproveserviceandincreaseridership.Campusesshouldalsoofferlow-orno-costfarepassesforstudents,staffandfacultytoencouragetransituse.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
Tomanagegrowingcampustraffic, Cornell Universityinstitutedapackageofincentivesanddisincentives.Higherparkingfeeswerecoupledwitharedrawnparkingsystemwhichfavorscarpooling.Additionally,Cornellworkedwithsurroundingmunicipalitiestointegratetheirtransitsystemsintoaseamlessdesign.NowCornellstudents,facultyandstaffwhoforegoaparkingpasscanuseunlimited,freepublictransportationanywhereinTompkinsCounty.Overall,theschoolseffortshavebeensuccessful.Inadditiontoreducedtailpipeemissions,Cornellsaves417,000gallonsoffueland10,000,000vehiclemilestraveledeachyear.Over12years,Cornellstransportationprogramshavesavedover$36millioninconstruction,infrastructuremaintenance,andtransportationcosts.54
For more information Contact: DavidLieb,CommunicationsandMarketingManager 607.255.5592 djl5@cornell.edu
TheUniversity of North CarolinaiscommittedtoreducingsingleoccupancyvehicletrafficinChapelHillthroughtheencouragementofalternativetransportationoptions.UNCsCommuterAlternativesProgram(CAP)discouragesUNCstudents,faculty,andstafffromdrivingsingleoccupancyvehiclestocampus.InJanuary2001,UNCbecameafare-freetransitpartnerwithChapelHillTransit.UNChasmettheNationalStandardsofExcellenceestablishedbytheEPAandtheDOTforthedesignationofBestWorkplaceforCommutersintheTriangleRegionforCAPandfare-freetransit.55
For more information Contact: ClaireKane,UNCsTransportationDemandCoordinator 919.843.4414 claire@unc.edu
2Improving Mass Transit
Transportation
Transportation Resources
Greenfleets(www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.doc)isacampaigntojumpstartnewproductionoffuelefficient
carsandtrucks.TheSurface Transportation Policy Project(www.transact.org/issues.asp)offersaseriesoffactsheetsontransportationissues.
The University of Colorados Environmental Centerprovideslinkstotheirtransportation master plan andrelatedresources.(ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.html).
TheCornell Sustainable Campus site outlinestheirinnovativetransportation plan.(www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htm)
Zipcars car share programforcollegesanduniversities.(www.zipcar.com/universities/)
mailto:djl5@cornell.eduhttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.dochttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.dochttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.dochttp://www.transact.org/issues.asphttp://www.transact.org/issues.asphttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/transport.htmhttp://ecenter.colorado.edu/transportation/policy.htmlhttp://www.transact.org/issues.asphttp://www.transact.org/issues.asphttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.dochttp://www.energyaction.net/documents/greenfleetskit.docmailto:djl5@cornell.edu -
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, New Energy for Campuses
P
arking,trafficandairqualityarebecomingseriousconcernsatmanycollegesanduniversitiesaroundthe
county.Therearemanywayscollegesanduniversitiescanprovidetransportationoptionsandchoicestotheirfaculty,staffandstudents,includingmasstransit,shuttlebuses,carpoolingandvanpoolingsystems,bicycleandpedestrianinfrastructure,andincentivesrelatedtoalloftheabove.Programsthatmakeiteasierandsafertowalk,bikeandusemasstransitincludelanduseplanningthatsiteshousingnearcampus;adequatelighting;dedicatedbikepaths;adequatebikeracks;andfreeorlowcosttransitpasses,tonameafew.Programsthatpromotelesscaruseincludesellingparkingpermitsthatareonlyvalidcertaindaysoftheweektoencouragecommuterstoweighthecostsandbenefitsofcartravelforeachtrip;preferentialparking
forcarpoolsandlowemissionoralternativefuelvehicles;andcarsharingservices.Collegesanduniversitiescanandshouldalsoprovideincentivestousealternativetransportation,includingfinancialincentives(discountsonbikemaintenanceorcouponstocampuseateries,forexample),choicebasedprograms(facultyandstaffmaychooseaparkingpermitorafreebuspassbutnotboth,forexample),andpreferentialtreatment(premiumparkingspotsforcarpools,forexample).
What Campuses Are Doing Now
TheUniversity of OregoninEugeneusesamulti-prongedstrategytoencouragebicycling.Theprogramisbuiltonaninterlockingnetworkofbikepathswhichprovidesafetyandconvenience.Theschoolcomplementsitsinfrastructurewithinnovativeideassuchasatandembiketaxiserviceandanincentiveprogramthatawardscreditstostudentsandfacultywhobicycleorwalktocampus.Creditscanbeexchangedforproductdiscounts.
For more information Contact: BettyArtman,ParkingSupportSpecialist 541.346.2915 bartman@dpsnet.uoregon.edu
Tufts UniversityhostsZipcarscarshareprogramoncampus.Theprogramreducestheneedforvehicleownershipbyprovidingcommunityautomobilesforerrandsandshortcommutes.Asanaddedincentive,Zipcarhaswaivedits$300securitydepositforTuftsstudents.Byprovidingcommunityvehiclesoncampus,theuniversitywillreduceitspopulationofpersonalvehicles,improveairqualityandoffsettrafficcongestion.
For more information Contact: TuftsClimateInitiative 617.627.5517 tci@tufts.edu
The University of Nevada, Renoofferscompellingcarpoolincentivestoaddresstrafficcongestion.Registeredcarpoolersareabletosharethecostofparkingpermitsamongallthecommutersinthepool.Additionally,carpoolsenjoyreservedparkingspaces.Becausesingleoccupancyisoccasionallyunavoidable,theuniversityofferseachregisteredcarpooleralimitednumberoffreeparkingpasses.OnFridays,
carpoolerscanbringtheirownvehiclestocampus.56
Together,theseincentivesmakecarpoolinganattractiveandinexpensiveoption.
For more information Contact: MelodyBayfield,DirectoroftheParkingandTransportation 775.784.4654 bayfield@unr.edu
Inadditiontoincentivestoreducecaruse,someuniversitiesalsoattempttoincreasetheuseofefficientvehiclesandthusimproveairquality.In2005,forexample,theUniversity of Miamibeganofferinga50%parkingdiscountforhybridvehicles.Students,staffandfacultyarealleligible,andthesavingscanbeashighas$352peryear.57
For more information Contact:
DavidVoorhees,Supervisor,CustomerService 305.284.3096option1 dlv@miami.edu
Transportation
3Increasing Transportation Options
mailto:bartman@dpsnet.uoregon.edumailto:tci@tufts.edumailto:bayfield@unr.edumailto:dlv@miami.edumailto:dlv@miami.edumailto:bayfield@unr.edumailto:tci@tufts.edumailto:bartman@dpsnet.uoregon.edu -
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New Energy for Campuses,
Publicuniversities,whichenroll80%ofcollegestudents,maybeabletoaccessstatefundingtosupportsomeoftheprojectssuggestedhere.PossiblesourcesarePublicBenefitsFundsandbondinginitiatives.PublicBenefitFunds(PBFs)alsoknownasSystemBenefitFunds,PublicPurposeCharges,orPublicGoodChargesarestate-controlledfundsgeneratedbylevyingasmallsurchargeonconsumerelectricityusage.Statesthatauthorizeandadministerthissurcharge
typicallysetasidethemoneycollectedinafundusedtosupportarangeofend-useenergyprograms,includingweatherizationefforts,renewableenergyresearchanddevelopment,andretrofitincentiveprograms.Revenuebondsarepublicbondsthatincorporateaspecificpaybackmechanismintotheirdesign.Theyarepaidoffthroughfeesorincome(includingsavings)generatedbytheprojectfunded.Renewableenergyandenergyefficiencyprojectsfitthisbondingschemeparticularlywellbecausetherevenueneededtorepaythebondscanberecoupedthroughlong-termenergycostsavings.Themostcommonenergybondstrategyistocoupleefficiencyretrofits,whichyieldquickandsizablecostsavings,withrenewableprojectsthat,though
theytakelongertopayoff,worktowardthelong-termgoalofweaningAmericaofffossilfuel.Combiningtheseprojectsunderonebondallowscitiestomeettwogoalsdecreasedenergyuseandastrongerrenewableenergyinfrastructureandstillenjoyarelativelyshortpaybackperiod.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
In2002,Syracuse University invested$1.8millionintoenergyefficiency.TheNewYorkStateEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAuthority(NYSERDA),whichdistributesfundscollectedthroughasystembenefitscharge,contributedover$522,000ofthetotalfunding.Thegrantwillpurchaseanew,energyefficientchillerwhichwillreducetheschoolsannualenergycostby$150,000andavoid1.8millionkWhofelectricityconsumptionperyearenoughenergytopower300homes.60
For more information Contact:
NatePrior,EnergyConservationManager 315.443.1535 nrprior@syr.edu
Inthemid1990stheUniversity of Marylandconductedanenergyauditrevealingsignificantpotentialsavingsthroughacombinedheatandpowersystem.Unfortunately,servicingtheschoolsenergyrequirementsdemandeda27MWplantwithequallylargecapitalcommitments.Atacostof$70million,thesystemcouldnotaccesssufficientstatefunding.Instead,UMworkedwiththeMarylandEconomicDevelopmentCorporationandissued$73millioninbonds.Theschoolexpectsa32%reductioninprimaryenergyuse.Theenergycostsavingswillservicethebondsovera20yearterm.Becausetheplantisfinancedthroughefficiencygains,theprojectappearsofftheuniversitysystemsbalancesheet.61
For more information Contact:
FrankBrewer,AssociateVicePresidentforFacilitiesManagement,UniversityoMarylandCollegePark
301.405.5445 jb80@umail.umd.edu
2Accessing State Dollars
Financing Strategies
CampusescancontractwithEnergyServiceCompanies
(ESCOs),whichspecializeinconductinglargeenergyefficiencyretrofits.Thisworkisorganizedbyanenergysavingsperformancecontract(ESPC),inwhichtheESCOtypicallyguaranteesaminimumenergysavingsandthenshouldersalloftheinvestmentcostsandlaborexpenses.TheESCOrecoversitscostbysharingtheenergycostsavings.AftertheESCOhasrecoupeditsfees,theschoolenjoysanetfinancialgain,withouteverhavingtomakeaninvestment.AsESPCsminimizecapitaldemands,theycanbeanattractiveoptionforfinanciallyconstrainedadministrators.Moreover,thepresenceofexperiencedefficiencyexpertslowersthetimeandresourcesrequiredtoidentify,understand,andimplementsavingsmeasures.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
ProgressattheUniversity of Utahdemonstratestheadvantagesofperformancecontracting.Withastudentpopulationof26,000,theuniversityhasamassedalargebuiltenvironment.Manyofits294buildingsarebetween30and40yearsold,andmanyprojectopportunitieshaveaccumulatedinthattime.58WorkingwithanESCO,theschoolinstitutedamulti-yearcampaignoflightingretrofits,spaceheating/coolingimprovementsandenergymanagementupgrades.Betweentheendofyear2000andthebeginningof2004,theprojectssaved$6.6millioninenergycosts.59
Annualsavingswilllikelygrowasmoreprojectsreachcompletion.
For more information Contact: OrfeoKostrencich,AssociateDirector,PlantOperations 801.581.5503 Okostrencich@campplan.utah.edu
1Energy Savings Performance Contracts
mailto:nrprior@syr.edumailto:jb80@umail.umd.edumailto:Okostrencich@campplan.utah.edumailto:Okostrencich@campplan.utah.edumailto:jb80@umail.umd.edumailto:nrprior@syr.edu -
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, New Energy for Campuses
Financing Strategies
A
notherwaytofinancecleanenergyprojectsistoestablisharevolvingloanfund.Startupmoneywould
havetocomefromexistingfunding,grantsorgifts,butgiventhelong-termfinancialbenefitsofreducedenergyuse,thefundwouldmostlikelybeself-sustaining,andcouldevenrepaytheinitialinvestment.Currentexperiencewithsuchfundssuggeststhattherisksarelowandthereturnsarehigh.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
OneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesofarevolvingloanfundtodatecomesfromHarvard University.Manyprojectsunderthe$3millionrevolvingloanfundhavegeneratedblisteringratesofreturnoninvestment(ROI).Lightingretrofits,forexample,generateda27%annualROI,whileefficientclimatecontrolandventilationexceeded30%.ROIforcertainbehavioralprogramsexceeded70%.Spreadoverallprojects,theaveragereturnoninvestmentwas27.9%.62Thesesavingsratesproduceconsiderablemonetarybenefits.InFY2003,thefundedprojectssaved$550,000,andinFY2004,thesavingsincreasedto$820,000.Becauseefficiencymeasurestypicallyendure,thesesavingwillaccruewellintothefuture.
For more information Contact: MichaelCrowley,HPBSProgramManager 617.496.0971 Michael_Crowley@harvard.edu
3Clean Energy Funds
Campusescantapasignificantsourceofprojectcapitalbydedicatingaportionofstudentfeestocleanenergyprojects.Thismaybeaportionofexistingfeesorastudent-approvedincrease.Withalargestudentpopulation,seeminglymodestincrementscanaddup.Acrossthecountry,studentbodieshavevotedtoraisetheirfeestosupportcleanenergyandmasstransit.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
AWestern Washington Universityinitiativedemonstrateshowstudentfeescanleveragesignificantsupportfortherenewablesindustry.OnJune10,2005,WWUsboardoftrusteesvotedonastudentfeetofundcampuscleanenergyprocurement.At$1.05percreditperquarter,thefeewillprovideenoughrevenuetosupply100%(35millionkWhhoursenoughtopower3,200homes)oftheschools2005-06electricitysupplywithcleanenergy.Thispurchasesendsastrongmarketsignaltopowerproducers,nearlydoublingPugetSoundEnergysgreenpowersales.63
For more information Contact: TimWynn-Director,WWUFacilitiesManagement 360.650.3496 Tim.Wynn@wwu.edu
In2000,University of Colorado-Boulder studentsvotedbyafivetoonemargintoincreasestudentfeesby$1persemesterforfouryearstopurchasewindpowerfromPublicServiceCompanyofColoradosPonnequinwindfarm.Thisinitialcommitmentloweredcampusemissionsby2.8millionpoundseveryyearandraisedenoughmoneytopurchasetheentireoutputofa2millionkWh/yearwindturbine.InSpring2004,thestudentgovernmentvotedtoextendandexpandthewindpurchaseto8.8millionkWh/year,whichreducescampuscarbondioxideemissionsbyabout12millionpoundseveryyear. 64
For more information Contact: UCEnvironmentalCenter 303.492.8308 ecenter@colorado.edu
4Student Fees
mailto:Michael_Crowley@harvard.edumailto:Tim.Wynn@wwu.edumailto:ecenter@colorado.edumailto:ecenter@colorado.edumailto:Tim.Wynn@wwu.edumailto:Michael_Crowley@harvard.edu -
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New Energy for Campuses,
Financing Strategies
E
ndowments,largelyfundedbyalumnicontributions,helppayfortheoperatingbudgetsofcampusesand
universities.Theyhavesoaredinvalueinrecentyears,sometimessurpassingtuitionasasourceofincome.In2004,collegeanduniversityendowmentassetstotaledover$267billiondollars.65Agrowingnumberofschoolsareexploringthepossibilityofaligningsubstantialendowmentportfolioassetswithcampusenvironmentalvaluesthroughinnovativenewapproachesthatengagecampusstakeholdersintheprocess.Effortsincludestudentgovernmentresolutionscallingfortransparencyandsociallyresponsibleinvesting,andshareholderengagementviaproxyvoting.Everyyear,dozensoflargecorporationsarerequiredtoaskalltheirshareholderswhetherclimatechangeisimportanttothehealthandprofitabilityofthecompany.Throughactiveproxyvoting,
filingshareholderresolutionsandinitiatingdialogwithcompanies,schoolscanhelptransformcorporatepoliciesonclimatechangewhilestrengtheningthelong-termperformanceoftheirendowments.Otherapproachesseektoestablishseparate,dedicatedfundswhoseinvestmentisguidedbyenvironmentalorsustainableprincipals.PortionsofinvestmentscouldalsobeinvestedinefficiencyupgradesorCleanEnergyFunds.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
In2004,Carleton Collegeused$1.8millionfromitsendowmentfundtobuilda1.65MWwindturbine.Thecollegehasentereda20yearpowerpurchaseagreementwithXcelenergyat3.3centsperkilowatthour.Withstatefinancialincentives,thewindturbinewillrealizepaybackwithin10to12years.Theturbinesusefullifeis25years,providing15yearsofearningsontheinvestment.66
For more information Contact: RichardStrong,DirectorofFacilitiesManagementandPlanning 507.646.4271 rstrong@acs.carleton.edu
In2001,studentsatStanford Universityworkedtogethertomaketheiruniversitys$12billionendowmentthefirstintheUnitedStatestoimplementclimatechangeshareholdervotingguidelines.Studentsproposedtheinitialguidelines,whichwererefinedbytheuniversitysAdvisoryPanelonInvestmentResponsibility.RecommendationsbythispanelwereadoptionbytheStanfordUniversityBoardofTrusteesandtheguidelineswillbeappliedwhenvotingonfutureclimateactionshareholderresolutions.
For more information Contact: LindaKimball,DirectorofInvestmentResponsibilityattheStanford
ManagementCompany 650.926.0251 kimby@stanford.edu
5Responsible Endowments
mailto:rstrong@acs.carleton.edumailto:rstrong@acs.carleton.edu -
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, New Energy for Campuses
O
nesourceoffunds,forsmallerenergyprojectsorstartupcosts,isgiftsfromseniorclassesoralumni.
Thesecanbeparticularlyusefulinjump-startingprojectsthatdonthaveinstitutionalsupport,orneedasmallinvestmenttoprovetheirworth.Theycanalsobeusedasmatchingfunds,ortogenerateothercontributions.CollegesandUniversitiesmayalsoapplytofoundationstofinancespecificprojects.
What Campuses Are Doing Now
Macalester College installedawindturbineoncampustoincreaseawarenessofrenewableenergyandenergyconservationinthestudentbody.Alocalutilityofferedtopurchasetheturbine,ifthecampuswouldpaytoinstallit.The$15,000installationcostwasinitiallycoveredbyPhysicalPlant,andthenrepaidfromfundsraisedfortheSeniorClassgift.67
For more information Contact: MarkDickinson,MacalesterCollegeCampusEnvironmentalIssuesCommittee dickinsonm@macalester.edu
In2004,College of the Atlanticreceiveda$1milliongifttofundsustainabilityinitiatives.Thegiftmakesanother$250,000availableifCOAcanmatchtheadditionalamountbyDecember2006.ThefundswillbeusedtohireaDirectorofSustainabilitywhowillintegratebestenvironmentalpracticesintotheCOAsadministrativeactivitiesandtofundeducationprogramsthatinstillanenvironmental
ethicintoemergingandpresentbusinessleaders.68
For more information Contact: DonnaGold,DirectorofPublicRelations 207.288.5015ext291 dgold@coa.edu
InJuly2004,St. Olaf Universityreceiveda$98,000grantfromtheKresgeFoundationtomakeitsnewsciencecomplexenvironmentallyfriendly.Theschoolistakingaholisticapproach,examiningsiting,daylighting,renewableenergyandsoundwatersustainablewatermanagement.TheschoolhopestoearnLEEDaccreditation.6
For more information Contact: PerryKruse,AssistantDirectorofFacilities 507.646.3280
kruse@stolaf.edu
6Gifts and Grants
Financing Strategies
Financing Strategies Resources
The Apollo Allianceoffersacollectionoffinancing strategies forsustainableenergyprojects,someofwhichmaybeappropriateforcampuses(www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfm).
TheEnergy Service CoalitionmaintainsadatabaseofEnergyService Companies(www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asp).
TheNational Association of Energy Service Companies (www.naesco.org/providers/default.asp)maintainsadatabaseofEnergyServiceCompanies.
TheResponsible Endowments Coalition(www.sriendowment.org/)isadiversenetworkofstudentsandalumnifromacross
thecountrydedicatedtoadvancingsociallyandenvironmentallyresponsibleinvesting(SRI)inrelationtocollegeanduniversityendowments.
TheSustainable Endowments Institute (http:www.EndowmentInstitute.org),aspecialprojectofRockefellerPhilanthropyAdvisors,isdedicatedtoempoweringcollegesanduniversitiestobecomeengagedinvestors.
The University of California Santa CruzMeasure9ballotinitiative(elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.html)successfullyestablished,andMeasure14(elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.html)successfullyincreased,acampussustainability fee.
mailto:dickinsonm@macalester.edumailto:dgold@coa.edumailto:kruse@stolaf.eduhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfmhttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.sriendowment.org/http://www.sriendowment.org/http://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/elections05/ballot.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://elections.ucsc.edu/electionsSpring03/measures.htmlhttp://www.sriendowment.org/http://www.sriendowment.org/http://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.naesco.org/providers/default.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.energyservicescoalition.org/members/index.asphttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_financing_strategies/index.cfmmailto:kruse@stolaf.edumailto:dgold@coa.edumailto:dickinsonm@macalester.edu -
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New Energy for Campuses,
Labor Strategies
Campuses,particularlypublicuniversities,shouldinsurethattheirinvestmentincleanenergyisalsoaninvestmentingoodjobsbyaskingtheircontractorstomeetcertainstandards.Onewaytodothisistoestablishmarket-basedwagestandards.Underthesestandards,employersmustpaythegoingmarketratetoemployees.Theratecanbetiedtothestateorregionalmedianoraveragewage,ortotheprevailingwageinaparticularindustry.Thiscanbemodifiedtorequirethatonlyacertainpercentageofemployeesarepaidaccordingtothesestandards;toexemptwelfare-to-workparticipants,students,interns,andothercategoriesofworkersfromthestandards;ortomakedistinctionsbetweenlargeandsmallemployers,oryoungerandmoreestablishedemployers.
1Apprenticeship Utilization
Campuses,particularlypublicuniversities,shouldconsideraddingrequirementsorincentivesforemployingworkerstrainedthroughstate-approvedapprenticeshipprograms.Theseprogramsofferworkerrecruitment,classroominstruction,on-the-jobtrainingandjobplacement.ProjectLaborAgreements(PLA),ortheagreementsbetweenunitsofgovernmentandcontractorscarryingoutpubliclyfundedprojects,canbeusedtosupportapprenticeshipprograms.UniversitiescanestablishPLAsthatrequirecontractorstouseapprenticesforaspecifiedpercentageofallhoursworked.
Labor Strategies Resources
TheApollo AlliancepageonApprenticeship Utilizationprovidesinformationandlinksabouttheseprograms.(www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfm)
2Prevailing Wage
http://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfmhttp://www.apolloalliance.org/strategy_center/model_legislation/aur.cfm -
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New Energy for Campuses,
38StudentEnvironmentalActionCoalition.$MART$AVINGS:Cost-EffectiveEnvironmentalSolutionsforCollegesandUniversities.www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.doc
39TexasLegislativeBudgetBoard.BestPracticesFactSheet.2003.www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdf
40StateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffaloUBGREEN.CampusEnergyPolicies.wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.html
41U.S.GreenBuildingCouncil.LEEDforExistingBuildings.www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221&42UniversityofVermont.EnergyEfficiencyProjectsatUVM.www.uvm.edu/~energy/?Page=Energy%20Efficiency%20Projects.html
43PaulAbramson.2003CollegeConstructionReport.RebuildAmerica.2003.
44U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,EnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergy,FederalEnergyManagementProgram.TheBusinessCaseforSustainableDesigninFederalFacilities.August2003.www.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/bcsddoc.pdf
45GregKats.TheCostsandFinancialBenefitsofGreenBuildings:AReporttoCaliforniasSustainableBuildingTaskForce.October2003.CapitalE.wwwcap-e.com/ewebeditpro/items/O59F3259.pdf
46GregKats.TheCostsandFinancialBenefitsofGreenBuildings:AReporttoCaliforniasSustainableBuildingTaskForce.October2003.CapitalE.wwwcap-e.com/ewebeditpro/items/O59F3481.pdf
47BeverlyClark.GoizuetaRenovationEarnsEmorysFirstLEEDGoldRating.EmoryReport.2005.www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htm
48ArchitectureWeek.LEEDPlatinumatUCSB.June2003.
49DukeUniversityPurchasingPolicy.www.duke.edu/sustainability/documents/EPP%20Guidelines%207-8-04.pdf
50CathyShufro.GreenMenus:CollegeCampusesOptforSustainableDining.E:TheEnvironmentalMagazine.2004.www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389
51UniversityofMinnesotaFleetServicesDirectorBillRobertsGrantedAmericanLungAssociationExtraMileAward.PressRelease.UniversityofMinnesota.2004.www1.umn.edu/fleetsrv/alamnaward.htm
52DukeBusesBeginUsingBiodiesel.PressRelease.DukeUniversity.2004.www.duke.edu/sustainability/2004-04-22biodiesel.html
53UW-MadisonFillsUponLessPollutingBiodieselMix.PressRelease.UniversityofWisconsin.2005.www.news.wisc.edu/releases/10691.html
54EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.TransportationManagement.CornellFactSheet.2003.www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdf
55UNCsSustainabilityWebsite.MobilityPage. sustainability.unc.edu/index.asp?Type=T
56UniversityofNevadaParkingServices.www.howler.unr.edu/facilitiesmgt/parking/parking_services_car_pool_progra.htm
57JenniferPeltz.UMGivesHybridVehicleOwnersHalfOffParkingFee.SouthFloridaSunSentinel.2005.https://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htm
58SouthwestEnergyEfficiencyProject.UniversityofUtahCaseStudy.www.swenergy.org/casestudies/utah/univ_of_ut.htm
59DepartmentofEnergy.OfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandGreenPower.PerformanceContractImprovesCampus,SavesMillionsofDollars.2004.
60SyracuseUniversityInvests$1.8MillionToImproveEnergyEfficiencyStateAwardsMoreThan$570,000ForUpgrades.NYSERDAPressRelease.2002.www.nyserda.org/Press_Releases/press_archives/2002/10_03_02.asp
61RebuildAmerica.TheEnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.DOE.2003.www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdf
62HarvardGreenCampusInitiative.LoanFundAchievements.www.greencampus.harvard.edu/gclf/achievements.php#Average
63WWUTrusteesSetEnergyFeeWesterntoPurchaseAllElectricityfromRenewableEnergySources.PressRelease.WesternWashingtonUniversity.2004.west.wwu.edu/ucomm_news/articles/896.asp
64ColoradoEnergyCenter.EnergyConservation:RenewableEnergyatCU.ecenter.colorado.edu/energy/cu/renewables.html
65NationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.2004NACUBOEndowmentStudy.www.nacubo.org/x2321.xml
66SarahMaxwell.WindTurbineatCarletonCollege.CarletonCollege.2004.apps.carleton.edu/news/?content=content&module=&id=79338
67NationalWildlifeFederation.CampusFactSheet.MacalesterCollege.2004.www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL%2Epdf
68NationalWildlifeFederation.CampusFactSheet.CollegeoftheAtlantic.2004.www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003%2D04%2Epdf
69ErinPeterson.WhatSustainsUs.St.OlafMagazine.2005.
Endnotes
http://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.dochttp://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.dochttp://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.dochttp://www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdfhttp://www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdfhttp://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.htmlhttp://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.htmlhttp://www.uvm.edu/~energy/?Page=Energy%20Efficiency%20Projects.htmlhttp://www.cap-e.com/ewebeditpro/items/O59F3481.pdfhttp://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htmhttp://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htmhttp://www.duke.edu/sustainability/documents/EPP%20Guidelines%207-8-04.pdfhttp://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389http://www1.umn.edu/fleetsrv/alamnaward.htmhttp://www.duke.edu/sustainability/2004-04-22biodiesel.htmlhttp://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/10691.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdfhttp://sustainability.unc.edu/index.asp?Type=Thttp://www.howler.unr.edu/facilitiesmgt/parking/parking_services_car_pool_progra.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttp://www.swenergy.org/casestudies/utah/univ_of_ut.htmhttp://www.nyserda.org/Press_Releases/press_archives/2002/10_03_02.asphttp://www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdfhttp://www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdfhttp://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/gclf/achievements.php#Averagehttp://west.wwu.edu/ucomm_news/articles/896.asphttp://%20http//ecenter.colorado.edu/energy/cu/renewables.htmlhttp://apps.carleton.edu/news/?content=content&module=&id=79338http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003-04.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003-04.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003-04.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20yearbook%20entry%2003-04.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/files/Macalester%20college%20energy%20FINAL.pdfhttp://apps.carleton.edu/news/?content=content&module=&id=79338http://%20http//ecenter.colorado.edu/energy/cu/renewables.htmlhttp://west.wwu.edu/ucomm_news/articles/896.asphttp://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/gclf/achievements.php#Averagehttp://www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdfhttp://www.rebuild.org/attachments/SolutionCenter/EnergySmartGuidetoCampusCostSavings.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/Press_Releases/press_archives/2002/10_03_02.asphttp://www.swenergy.org/casestudies/utah/univ_of_ut.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttps://www.miami.edu/greenu/WEB-PAGES/Sun-Sentinel-1.htmhttp://www.howler.unr.edu/facilitiesmgt/parking/parking_services_car_pool_progra.htmhttp://sustainability.unc.edu/index.asp?Type=Thttp://www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/bmps/CornellTransportation.pdfhttp://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/10691.htmlhttp://www.duke.edu/sustainability/2004-04-22biodiesel.htmlhttp://www1.umn.edu/fleetsrv/alamnaward.htmhttp://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_4_15/ai_n6142389http://www.duke.edu/sustainability/documents/EPP%20Guidelines%207-8-04.pdfhttp://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htmhttp://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/2005/March/March%2021/goizueta.htmhttp://www.cap-e.com/ewebeditpro/items/O59F3481.pdfhttp://www.uvm.edu/~energy/?Page=Energy%20Efficiency%20Projects.htmlhttp://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.htmlhttp://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/energypolicies.htmlhttp://www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdfhttp://www.lbb.state.tx.us/TSPRP/AIMSAreaofReview/PlantOperationsManagement/POM04.pdfhttp://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.dochttp://www.seac.org/energy/resources/10cleanenergyactions.doc -
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heApolloAllianceaimstoimproveAmericassecurity,technologicalleadership,economicstrength,andsharedprosperitybyachievingsustainableAmericanenergyindependencethrougheffortsatthenational,stateandlocallevel.NamedafterPresidentKennedyschallengeinthe1960sto
landamanonthemoonwithinadecade,ournewApolloAlliancehasaboldstrategytodirect$300billionintargetedinvestmentstowardsachievingsustainableenergyindependencewithinadecade.Apollos10-pointplantoachieveenergyindependenceincludesmanyofthestrategiesdiscussedinthisdocument:
Promotingadvancedtechnologyandhybridcars Encouraginghighperformancebuilding Increasingtheuseofenergyefficientappliances Expandingrenewableenergydevelopment Improvingtransportationoptions
Ourplanissupportedbykeynationalleadersinthelabor,environmental,andbusinesssectors,aswellasbycommunitiesofcolorwhoaretraditionallymostharmedbyexistingenergypolicies.
TherealworkoftheAlliancetakesplaceatthestateandlocallevel,whereApollobringstogetherlabor,environmentalists,business,civilrightsactivists,electedofficialsandtheirconstituentstoimplementhigh-performancepolicies.ThesestateandlocalApollogroupsworkonspecificjob-generatingpoliciesandprojectstoincreaseenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyuse,andbuildthetransportation,utility,andotherinfrastructureneededtosupportsustainableefficientenergypractice.Overthepastyear,stateandlocalApolloAllianceshavebeenbuiltincitiesfromLosAngelestoNewYorkandstatesfromHawaiitoMassachusetts.Thesestateandlocalalliancespursuespecificlegislativeandadministrativereformstoincreaseinvestmentinenergyefficiency,renewablepower,andothercleanenergystrategies.
Investmentatalllevelsofoureconomycreateshighqualityjobsandincreasedincome,aswellasimprovingtheenvironmentandpublichealth.Italsomorethanpaysforitself,offeringfiscallystrappedstates,cities,andfor-profitinvestorsabetterthancompetitiverealrateofreturn(oftenashighas15-20percentannually).TolearnmoreabouthowyourcitycanstartanApolloproject,andtofindinformationonexistingcoalitionsandprojects,visitStateandLocalApolloatwww.apolloalliance.org/state_and_local/.
FoundedonJune6th,2004,EnergyActionisacoalitionof25leadingstudentenvironmentalandsocialjusticeorganizationsintheU.S.andCanada
createdtounifyandsupportthestudentglobalwarmingmovement.Together,wehavesomeofthemostexperiencedcampusorganizersonthecontinent,alargeandgrowingbaseofcommittedvolunteersonover1,500collegecampusesandaplantocatalyzealargerandmoreeffectivemovementonthiscriticalissue.
TheCampusClimateChallenge(www.campusclimatechallenge.org)isourcoalitionsmostambitiouscampaignyet.TheChallengeisaUSandCanada-wide,long-terminitiativeaimedatmakingcampusesenergyindependentanddramaticallycuttingtheirglobalwarmingpollution.Byconsolidatingtheseinitiativesintoaunifiedstructure,theChallengeallowscampusestoshareideas,bestpractices,resourcesandnetworkinwaysneverbeforepossible.
Ourcoalitionpartnersinclude:BlackMesaWaterCoalition,CaliforniaStudentSustainabilityCoalition,ChesapeakeClimateActionNetwork,ClimateCampaign,DakotaResourceCouncil,EducationforSustainabilityWesternNetwork,EnergyJusticeNetwork,Envirocitizen,EnvironmentalJusticeandClimateChangeInitiative,FreeThePlanet!,GlobalExchange,Greenpeace,IndigenousEnvironmentalNetwork,LeagueofConservationVotersEducationFund:ProjectDemocracy,NationalAssociationofEnvironmentalLawSocieties,NationalWildlifeFederationsCampusEcologyProgram,thestudentPIRGS,RainforestActionNetwork,SierraStudentCoalition,SierraYouthCoalition,SouthernAllianceforCleanEnergy,SouthernEnergyNetwork,StudentEnvironmentalActionCoalition,StudentsUnitedforaResponsibleGlobalEnvironment,SustainableEndowmentsInstitute,andYouthEnvironmentalNetwork.
About the Authors
The Apollo Alliance for Good Jobs and Clean Energy
Energy Action
http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/http://www.campusclimatechallenge.org/
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