cable stayed

Cable Stayed Structures:References:

Fuller Moore: Understanding StructuresJames B. Harris, Kevin Pui-K Li: Masted Structures in Architecture

Wolfgang Schueller, The Design of Building Structures

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Definition:“Cable-stayed building structures support

horizontal spans by means of diagonal cablessuspended from a higher point. Moore, 1999.

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Cable Stayed Bridges

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Horizontal & Vertical Reactions

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Load Paths

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Reactions

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Some 19th Century Examples

Friedrich Schnirch; Suspended Theater Roof; 1824

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Some 19th Century Examples

J.A. Hittorf; Panorama; 1839

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Some 19th Century Examples

C.R. MacIntosh; Greenhouse; 1853

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Some 19th Century Examples

Müller & Giese; Auditorium; 1865

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Some 20th Century Examples

R. Buckminster Fuller; Dymaxion House; 1927-29

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Some 20th Century Examples

E.Bennett & Associates; Pavilion; Chicago; 1933

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Some 20th Century Examples

Corlett & Spackman; Stadium; Squaw Valley; 1960

Buckhard; Gymnasium; Ellensburg; 1958

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Some 20th Century Examples

London County Council Architects; Crystal Palace Sports Center; 1964

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Some 20th Century Examples

P.Zoelly; Exhibition Railway Station; 1964

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Some 20th Century Examples

F.Browns; Woking Pool; 1989

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Some 20th Century Examples

P.Cox & Partners; Darling Harbor Exhibition Centre; 1986

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Some 20th Century Examples

P.Cox & Partners; Darling Harbor Exhibition Centre; 1986

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A Taxonomy of Masted Structures• The number, position and relationships of the

basic elements in relation to the pattern ofspaces they define. Harris; 1996.

• Masts, cables & roof beams• Cellular spatial unit• Geometric operation

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A Taxonomy of Masted Structures

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Structural Behaviour• Vertical Loads

• Uniformly Distributed: applied to the roof beam,supported by stays

• Concentrated: ponding rain or drifting snow; problematicw/ multi–span structures

• Wind Uplift: limit bending in the mast; aerodynamic eaves;secondary tensile system

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Structural Behaviour• Stiffness & Deflection

• Not necessarily more or less flexible than conventionalstructures

• Longer spans however mean greater allowable deflection• Details at junctures w/ other building elements become

critical

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Structural Behaviour• Temperature Effects

• External Structure: interface between external elements& enclosure needs to allow for movement

• Internal/ External Structure: need to allow for differentialexpansion

• Lightweight of roofing system requires high performancemembranes.

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Construction Issues• Cables, Rods or Tubes

• Cables have a low modulus of elasticity, so stretch canbe 4x rods or tubes

• Cables are more difficult to protect• Cable end connections are readily avaiable, but clumsy in

appearance, while rod end connections must be customfabricated through study of design and usage

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Benefits and Penalties• Can Meet a Wide Range of Functional Demands• Can Provide Column Free Space Increasing

Internal Flexibility• Can Be Easily Extended• Can Lead to Reduced Structural Weight• Can Lead to Higher Design Costs• Increased Thermal Movement• Erection Requires Special Consideration• Increased Costs for Corrosion Protection

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Case Studies: Foster & Rogers