c5 simple covalent-bonding

Covalent bonding

Learning objectives:

1. How can I draw covalent bonds?2. What are covalent bonds?

Starter - match these up!

• Carbon dioxide

• Water

• Chlorine

• Oxygen

• Methane

• Hydrogen

• Cl2

• O2

• CO2

• CH4

• H2

• H2O

Metals and Non-metals

Complete exam questions on the next slide.

(a) What is the formula of methane? ..........................................................................(1) (b) Choose a word from the box to answer the question.Which of the words best describes the methane particle shown in the diagram?

(1)

(c) Choose a word from the box to answer the question.What is the type of bonding shown in the diagram?

(1)

(Total 3 marks)

atom ion molecule

covalent ionic metallic

1. The diagram represents a particle of methane.

Study and take notesFind out what covalent bond is and how

to draw covalent bonds.

Cl

incomplete outer shells

The shared electrons join the atoms together. This is called a covalent bond.

The two non-metal atoms cannot form a bond by transferring electrons from one to another. Instead, they share electrons.

Each atom now has a full, stable outer shell.

Cl Cl

Cl

What is a covalent bond?

solid

line

Cl Cl–

–Cl Cl

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons.

Cl Cl

covalent bond

Cl

outer shell

dot and cross

diagram

Cl

Drawing covalent bonds

Rules of Covalent bonding

o Needs 2 or more NON-METAL ATOMS

o Electrons are SHARED to complete the shells

o The electron shells overlap.

Drawing Molymods

To do:

Next practice drawing covalent bonds for different molecules.

How many bonds?

What element

s?

1 2 3 4

O

Cl

H N C

• Hydrogen (H2)

• Chlorine (Cl2) • Hydrogen chloride (HCl)

•Water (H2O) •Methane (CH4) •Ammonia (NH3)

EXTENSION – draw O2 and CO2

Plenary – Ionic or Covalent• Using your periodic tables work out which

type of bonding will be shown in these compounds!

• Extension– draw an ionic compound and a covalent compounds

MgOCl2

NaCl

Li2O

HClCaCl2NH3

CH4

Br2

N2

H2O

O C

ClCl

Hint Sheet

O C

ClH

Hint Sheet