c4 grants-in-aid and mandates grant-in-aid a grant-in-aid is funding granted by the national...

c4c4Grants-in-AidGrants-in-Aid

and and MandatesMandates

Grant-in-aidGrant-in-aid

A grant-in-aid is funding granted by the national government, to state and local governments and citizens, which is then subject to government oversight.

Attractive Federal $$$Attractive Federal $$$

• Budget Surplus

• 16th Amendment

• Print $

• “Free” Money

PowersPowers Systems of Systems of GovernmentGovernment

States’ States’ RightsRights

National National SupremacySupremacy

Grants-in-AidGrants-in-Aidandand

MandatesMandates

SCOTUS andSCOTUS andFederalismFederalism

$200 $200$200$200$200$200

$400 $400$400$400$400$400

$600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600

$800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800

$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000$1000

Categorical GrantsCategorical Grants

Block GrantsBlock Grants

DEVOLUTIONDEVOLUTION

DEVOLUTIONDEVOLUTION

MandatesMandates

An unfunded mandate is a statute that requires

government or private parties to carry out specific actions, but does not appropriate any

funds for that purpose.

Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988

• The President on November 18 signed into law the Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988, which prohibits all municipal sewage sludge and industrial waste dumping into the ocean after December 31, 1991.

Americans with Disabilities Act Requires nearly all American business owners to make their business premises available to disabled customers, without providing any funds for the cost of reconstruction or additional interior space

The SCOTUS and FederalismThe SCOTUS and Federalism

• McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

• Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824

• Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

• United States v. Lopez, 1995

• Bush v. Gore, 2000

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

Chief Justice John Marshall

Is a “Bank” Constitutional?

Can a State TAX a National Institution?

Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824

Chief Justice John Marshall

Intrastate Commerce

Interstate Commerce

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

Chief Justice Roger Taney

Is Dred Scott a Free Man or a Slave?

Missouri Compromise, 1820

United States v. Lopez, 1995

William Hubbs Rehnquist

Gun-Free School Zones Act, 1990

Not an Economic Activity

Devolution

Bush v. Gore, 2000

Sandra Day O’Connor

Hanging Chads

Undervotes