by: matthew shaw multiword verbs. the english language has a large variety of multiword verbs....
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By:Matthew Shaw
Multiword Verbs
Multiword VerbsThe English language has a large variety of multiword verbs.
Definition:Multiword verbs consist of a combination of a verb and one or two other elements
Types of Multiword Verbs
Phrasal Verbs Prepositional VerbsPhrasal Prepositional Verbs
Phrasal Verbs
Verbs that are made up of verb and a following particle
Particle = preposition or adverb(Do not function as a preposition or adverb)
Ex. set up, handed in, give up
Daniela handed in her homework early.
The meanings of phrasal verbs cannot be predicted from the meanings of its individual elements
Ex. rule out
Meaning of rule + meaning of out
Together these two words create one verb with one meaning
Phrasal Verb TypesTransitive Phrasal Verbs
Separable Inseparable Permanently Separated
Intransitive Phrasal Verbs PureErgative
Separable Transitive PVIts parts may be separated by an object
Ex. looked up
Maggie looked up the address.Maggie looked the address up.
Seen above is use of the particle movement rule
Particle Movement RuleAs long as the direct object of a separable phrasal verb is not a pronoun, the particle movement rule is optionalPronouns: him, her, it, them, this/that, these/those
Ex. John looked up the telephone number.John looked it up.*John looked up it.
Inseparable Transitive PVThese verbs do not permit the particle to move over the direct object even if it is a pronoun
Ex. pick on
Don’t pick on my brother.Don’t pick on him.*Don’t pick him on.
Permanently Separated Transitive PV
These verbs require that the direct object occur between the verb and the particle
Ex. let off
The judge let the thief off with a light sentence.The judge let him off with a light sentence.*The judge let off the thief with a light sentence.
Pure Intransitive PVThese verbs usually cannot be separated from the following particle by an adverb
Ex. took off
The plane took off quickly and climbed to cruising altitude.*The plane took quickly off and climbed to cruising altitude.
Ergative PVThese verbs describe an action that is experienced by the subject
Ex. die down, taper off
After about an hour, the storm began to die downAt the end of December, sales of consumer goods usually taper off.
Prepositional VerbsVerbs that consist of a verb and a following prepositional phrase
Ex. applied for
He applied for the job.*He applied the job for.
Phrasal Prepositional VerbsVerbs that consist of a verb and the first element, a preposition, followed by a prepositional phrase
Ex. put up with, looks up to
I guess I will have to put up with his bad behavior.Joan really looks up to her father.*Joan really looks up her father.
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