burns. types of burns thermal (heat) burns chemical burns electrical burns © scott camazine/photo...
Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Types of Burns
• Thermal (heat) burns
• Chemical burns
• Electrical burns
© Scott Camazine/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Depth of Burns
• Depth (degree)– First-degree (superficial)– Second-degree (partial thickness)– Third-degree (full thickness)
First-Degree Burns (Superficial)• Redness
• Mild swelling
• Tenderness
• Pain
© Amy Walters/ShutterStock, Inc.
Second-Degree Burns(Partial Thickness)
• Blisters
• Swelling
• Weeping fluids
• Intense pain
© E. M. Singletary, M.D. Used with permission.
Third-Degree Burns(Full Thickness)
• Dead nerve endings
• Leathery, waxy skin
• Pearly gray or charred skin
Extent of Burns• Rule of the hand
– Victim’s hand equals 1% of body surface area.
• Which parts of body are burned?
• Other injuries or medical conditions?
• Is patient elderly or very young?
Care for First-Degree Burns
• Cool burn until pain free.
• Apply moisturizer such as aloe vera gel.
• Administer OTC pain reliever as needed (eg, ibuprofen).
Care for Small Second-Degree Burns
• Cool burn until pain free.
• Apply antibiotic ointment.
• Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile dressing.
• Administer OTC pain reliever as needed (eg, ibuprofen).
• Seek medical care.
Care for Large Second-Degree and Third-Degree Burns
• Remove jewelry and clothing not stuck to burn.
• Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile dressing.
• Care for shock.
• Call 9-1-1.
Chemical Burns
• Results from caustic or corrosive substance– Acids, alkalis, and
organic compounds
• Chemicals continue to burn as long as they are in contact with the skin; remove quickly.
Care for Chemical Burns
• Brush/flush skin to remove chemical.
• Remove contaminated clothing.
• Cover burn with dressing.
• Seek medical care.
Electrical Burns
• Thermal burn (flame)
• Arc burn (flash)
• True electrical injury (contact)
© Chuck Stewart, MD
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