building a better deck & rail: using trends, installation, and design elements aia continuing...
Post on 24-Dec-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
AIA Continuing Education Program Provided By:
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Overall Course ObjectivesAfter this program, learners will be able to:
– Select the right material for their needs by recognizing the different Decking and Railing Categories
– Identify five characteristics to consider when selecting decking or railing materials within the different categories
– Identify Market Trends of Decking and Railing
• Market Size
• Life Cycle Costs
• Anticipated Growth
– Identify Installation Trends of Decking and Railing
– Identify the three most notable code listing agencies
related to decking and railing
• Reports each listing agency provides
– Benefits of Reports
– How reports work on a Job Site
– Identify support requirements as it relates to the Acceptance Criteria 174
– List three installation criteria as it relates to composite decking and railing
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Selecting the Right Material
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Three Decking and Railing Categories
• Traditional Wood– Pressure Treated Lumber– Cedar– Redwood– Exotic Hardwoods/IPE
• Wood Plastic Composite/PVC• Other
– Vinyl– Metal– Aluminum– Variety of other specialty materials
US decking and railing markets can be divided into three broad material segments:
WPC Deck
Redwood Deck
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Five Decking and Railing Considerations
In comparing the decking and railing
categories and their specific functions, this presentation will cover five specific considerations that focus on the application of your project:
• Safety
• Maintenance
• Color/Appearance
• Longevity
• Environmental Impact
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Pressure Treated Lumber
• Safety– Slippery when wet– Will considerably check/split after 15 years of
exposure– Potential health hazard when burned– Over time splinters may occur– Chemicals in pressure treated lumber may degrade
the fastener and create screw shear
• Maintenance– Requires annual cleaning and reapplications of
staining and sealing
– Possible screw corrosion • Colors
– Stain to desired color– Purchase pre-stained
Pressure-treated lumber (PTL) will continue to benefit from its low cost, wide availability, and familiarity to both consumers and contractors.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Pressure Treated Lumber
• Longevity– Average Lifespan: 15 -20 years
• Some pressure treated products have a warranty beyond this but will need significant maintenance to keep it safe and aesthetically pleasing
• Environmental Impact– Supply & Demand Issues– Vast majority of PTL was treated with CCA – a chemical
preservative and pesticide regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Now Prohibited• CCA has been replaced by other EPA approved
preservatives
Pressure-treated decking and railing has lost market share to wood-plastic composites and other alternative materials, as these alternatives do not require the ongoing maintenance associated with pressure-treated decks and rails.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Redwood
• Safety– Class B Flame Rating
• Maintenance– Wash at least once a year– Seal with a preservative sealer
• Colors– Ranges from light red to dark reddish brown but
weathers quickly to grey
Redwood decking and railing is available in over 30 grades determined by quality and appearance.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Redwood
• Longevity– Average Lifespan: – 20 plus years if maintained
• Environmental Impact– Tightened harvesting restrictions– Tightening supply of high quality grades– Harder to obtain in the market
Redwood decking and railing is associated with a number of performance characteristics that make it well suited for many diverse applications.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Cedar
• Safety– Natural resistance to decay and insects
• Maintenance– Wash at least once a year– Seal with a preservative sealer
• Colors– Ranges from light amber to a deep honey brown
and will weather to a silvery gray or dark brown if left untreated
Red cedar is available in a variety of different grades that vary significantly in price, appearance and performance characteristics, largely as a result of the amount of heartwood contained.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Cedar
• Longevity– Average lifespan: 10 – 30 years
• Due to less availability of heartwood lumber which shortens lifespan
• Environmental Impact– Deforestation– Depleted supply of old growth
Features of cedar decking and railing include it’s light weight and the ability to be easily worked.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Exotic Hardwoods/IPE
• Safety– Natural resistance to insects and decay
• Maintenance– May require staining & sealing– Can be treated with a UV-resistant coating to
preserve the natural color– Installing has increased labor costs due to
pre-drilling
• Colors– Ranges from red-amber to dark brown
Ipe is an extremely dense, tight-grained wood ranging in color from red-amber to dark brown and virtually clear from knots.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Exotic Hardwoods/IPE
• Longevity– Average Lifespan: 25 year plus if
maintained
• Environmental Impact– Deforestation issues– Some woods are rare in the environment– Harvested in countries with fewer
environmental restrictions
Exotic hardwoods are primarily used in non-building applications such as boardwalks and marinas, in which the favorable performance qualities of the decks outweigh their higher initial costs.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Wood Plastic Composite
• Safety– Skid Resistant– Splinter Free– No harmful staining or sealing solvents– No rot or decay
• Maintenance– Low-Maintenance
• No Annual Staining or Sealing Required• Needs Periodic Cleaning
Composite decking and railing markets benefit from the widespread trend of growing consumer interest in materials with reduced maintenance requirements, as well as desire for materials that look like wood but have a higher durability.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Wood Plastic Composite
• Colors– Wide Variety– Color fading depends on the environment and
the manufacture's materials– Some manufacturer’s use reflective, inorganic
pigments to develop colors that reduce heat buildup
• Longevity– Average Lifespan: 25 plus years
• Environmental Impact– Recycled materials are often used– Installed once versus multiple re-planking
In addition to wood and plastic raw materials, composite decking contains various additives used to improve performance and processing.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Plastic
• Safety– Potential health hazard when burned
• Maintenance– Easily Maintainable
• No annual staining and sealing required
• Needs periodic cleaning with water
• Colors– Wide Variety available– Stable & Consistent
Other alternative materials used in the US decking and railing industry include; vinyl, polyethylene, plastic, aluminum, and a variety of other specialty materials.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Plastic
• Longevity– Average Lifespan: 25 plus years
• Environmental Impact– Not Biodegradable
Plastics and other materials will benefit from increasing penetration in the key residential market as a result of product developments aimed at improving aesthetics and feel.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
• Sustainability– Some alternative deck manufacturers incorporate recycled materials into their products– Many manufacturing processes eliminate waste and reuse as many resources as possible
• Fire Resistance– Fire regulations and codes continue to become more important in the building industry.
Other Considerations
With the growing awareness of environmental impacts, many building product companies are changing practices to become more sustainable and offer safer products for the environment.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Decking and Railing Market Trends
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Decking and Railing Market
Market Size
• Estimated $3.0 billion in 2009– Total Decking and Railing Market
• Includes – PT Lumber, Softwoods, Hardwoods, WPC,
Plastic Lumber, Rigid Vinyl, Metal
• Yearly increases in demand for WPC for both decking and railing.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Decking and Railing Market
Market Breakdown(2009 Estimated Manufacturing Sales by Dollar
Volume Percentage)
Wood-PT Lumber, Softwoods, HardwoodsWPC/PlasticOther-Rigid Vinyl, Metal, etc.
Decking: $1,647.8
Wood – 57%*
WPC/Plastic – 38%*
Other – 5%*($Million)
Railing: $1,272.5
Wood – 64%*
WPC/Plastic – 12%*
Other – 24%*
Decking Market
Railing Market
57%38%
5%
12%
24%
64%
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
WPC 8%
2000
PLASTIC 9%
WPC 36%
PLASTIC 5%
2010
WOOD 87%
•WPC is projected to be 36%* of total ($3.0 billion)•Approx. 18% APR growth 2006-2010
WOOD 56%
Decking and Railing Market
•WPC was 8%* of total D&R market in $ volume ($286* million)•Approx. 25% APR growth 2000-2005
2009 Decking & Railing Market: Est. $2,920 ($Million)
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Life Cycle Cost Comparisons By Decking Material (12 X 18 foot deck)
*Deck boards & Standard Railing Only, does not include cost for substructure, footings, or fasteners
** This model accounts for materials costs only, NOT installed costs and labor
Maintenance costs include the cost of cleaner, preservative, stain and pressure treated washer rental
Costs WPC PTL Plastic Redwood/Cedar
Hardwood
Total Deck Cost($)
$3,900 $2,540 $4,400 $3,250 $4,165
Annual Maintenance ($)
$75 $375 $75 $375 $375
Five Year Ownership Cost($)
$4,275 $4,325 $4,775 $5,125 $6,040
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
The Advantages of Alternative Decking and Railing
• Several Performance Advantages– Durability – longer life expectancy– Lower Maintenance Requirements– Color Retention– Mold and Mildew Inhibitors
• Appearance– Multiple profiles, colors & finishes to choose from– Consumers desire non traditional materials to look like
natural products
• Some manufacturers have created products that represent the hardwood look
Demand for wood-plastic composites and other alternative materials will continue to benefit from growing consumer awareness and product availability in lumberyards.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Increases Home Value
BEFORE
Remodeling Magazine’s 2006 Cost vs. Value Report estimates a national average of a 76.8% return on investment for deck additions
AFTER
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design & Installation Trends
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
• Inlays• Planter Boxes/Benches• Multiple Deck Levels• Accessories
– Lighting– Railing– Hidden Fastener Systems– Deck Drainage System
Design elements provide value to the deck and improve the aesthetic appeal.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
Inlays allow for design versatility
• Can be created with most Wood Plastic Composite Materials
• Contrasting Colors are often used
• Framing and blocking dependent upon design
Inlays
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
Inlay Photo Gallery
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
Planter boxes and benches add value and functionality
• The sizes are similar to dimensional lumber
• Multiple designs are possible
Planter Boxes/Benches
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
• Multiple deck levels allow the opportunity to segment the outdoor living space.
• Allows for outdoor kitchen space
Multiple Deck Levels
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
Lighting is often used as a safety mechanism and adds ambiance.
• Many local codes require lighting
• Increases the Usability
• Low voltage and solar type lighting available
• Products are made from vinyl or aluminum and come in different styles and colors
• Easy to install and very little maintenance required
• Products often include post top module lights and accent lighting for the front and sides of the posts
Lighting
Accent Light
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
• Adds Unique Design & Style– Decorative Centerpieces, Post Caps, & Pipe Railing
• Variety of Materials Available:– Vinyl– Metal– Wood– Wood Plastic Composite– Cable– Glass– PVC Wood Railing
• Many WPC and alternative deck manufacturers have matching rail systems
Railing
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
Glass Railing
Cable Railing
Wood Railing
Railing Photo Gallery
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Design Trends
PVC Wood Railing
WPC Railing
Metal Balusters
Railing Photo Gallery
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Installation Trends
• 30% increase in demand for hidden fasteners• Generally installed between planks• Allows the plank to be the focus, not the
fasteners• Controls uniform gapping• Some fasteners can be installed using a
pneumatic gun
Hidden Fastener Systems provide a seamless, nail and screw free surface that preserve the beauty of the deck board and highlight the investment in premium composite materials.
Hidden Fastener Systems
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Installation Trends
Hidden Fastener Systems
1
2
31st Plank
Hidden Fastener
Additional Planks
Relax4
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Installation Trends
• Easy installation with no visible screws
• Some product profiles span 24" on-center for reduced structural needs
Tongue & Groove is a product advancement that allows for ease of installation and maximum span ability.
Tongue & Groove
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Installation Trends
• Some products secures to the joists of any new or existing deck with 12" and 16" on-center joist spacing
Deck Drainage Systems provide leisure and storage space for second story deck applications.
Deck Drainage System
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Challenge Your Creativity
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Technical Guidelines
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Code Listing Agencies
The most notable are:– ICC-ES– Architectural Testing, Inc.– Underwriters Laboratory
In the past, wood plastic composite and plastic composites have not been addressed directly in the building code. However, as of 2009 the IRC has added these materials to the code. A significant amount of work is still underway to complete this process, but definitely a step forward. Currently there are several listing agencies that conduct code compliance evaluations.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Code Listing Agencies
• If a product complies with code requirements, the listing agency publishes a report to that effect
– Each listing agency issues different types of reports.• ICC-ES issues: Evaluation Service Report (ESR)• Architectural Testing, Inc. issues: Code Compliance Research Report
(CCRR)• Underwriters Laboratory issues: UL Listing
• The report is then available to the public and local building officials
• The local building officials use the reports to evaluate the given products suitability to the given application
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Technical Evaluations
Under this criteria, materials are evaluated for:– Stiffness & Strength– Ability to withstand environmental factors– Evaluated for
• Termite Damage• Decay• Fire Performance
Each code listing provides technical evaluations of decking and railing products based upon Acceptance Criteria 174 (AC 174)
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Support Requirements
• Decking materials are evaluated to a minimum span/load combination of 16” at 100 pounds per square foot
• Railings for residential use are evaluated to a design load of 200 pounds
For other than 1 & 2 family dwellings under the IRC: •In addition to the 200lb design load, the railings are also subjected to a minimum of 50lbs per linear foot in a uniform load test.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Support Requirements
For railings:
• This is a minimum of 500 pounds in residential applications and 125 pounds per foot for non residential application
• That is 1000 pounds on an eight foot section of rail!
The deck spans and rail test loads are subject to safety factors of two and a half and any environmental adjustment factors based upon test results
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Benefits of Certification
• Product Liability Issues– The certification ensures that the product has been produced and tested accordingly
• Traceability– The certification has a paper trail that enables it to be traced from the job site to the
raw materials
• Safety– The certification process requires the product to be tested as a system (railing)– Provides a higher degree of confidence in reliability
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
How Listings Work on the Job Site
• Labeling & Packaging– Allows the field inspector to verify that the
materials have met the appropriate requirements
• Installation– Products are to be installed per the
manufactures instructions
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Installing Wood Plastic Composite
• Tools– Saw Blades (should be new, sharp and
clean); PVC specific saw blades– Drills
• Difference:– Typically have higher thermal expansion
coefficients and need to be spaced at both the ends and edges of the boards to allow for expansion and contraction
Wood Plastic Composites are as easy to install as wood using:
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Gapping
• Allow 1/8” minimum gap between the end joints of planks and 1/4” minimum gap where the planking meets an adjoining structure
• Refer to the manufacturers installation & maintenance guide for detailed instructions
• Many of the hidden fasteners on the market today provide the needed gap spacing for the manufacturer specific product.
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Joist Span
• Generally the joist spacing on residential and commercial applications is 16” on center
• Some Wood Plastic Composite manufacturers can span up to 24” on center
• Check with the manufacturer on specific details for their profiles
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Railing—Planning and Installation
• Make railing part of the design element, not an afterthought. Pay attention to stair locations and proper spacing of each railing section.
• Plumb 4x4’s or support posts are critical in achieving a dimensionally and physically sound railing system.
• Double check both manufacturer installations and code listing specifications to ensure compliance.
• Consult your local building official regarding any specific regulations for the designated area of construction.
• Measure Twice, Cut Once!
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Care & Handling
• Storage– Store WPC products under cover to
maintain a clean surface
• Stacking– To decrease damage of the product, stack
the units with banding and bottom supports aligned
• Handling– Carry planks on edge for better support– Never dump materials when unloading
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
Care & Cleaning
• Requires periodic cleaning
• Does not require painting, staining, or sealing
• Scratches, nicks, cuts & grooves– Varies by product
• To Combat Mildew– Maintain a clean, dry deck surface
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
WPC Warranties
• On average: 10 – 25 years; some are pro-rated.
• Generally includes splinter, cracking, rotting & warping
• Check with the manufacturer on specific warranty information
Building a Better Deck & Rail:Using Trends, Installation, and Design Elements
THANK YOU
Questions?
Thank you for taking the time to familiarize yourself with composite decking and railing!
top related