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Visual Dictionary

BSCI 2300

Air Barrier Paper

• Air barrier paper is a sheet material used as both a vapor retarder and an air barrier.

• The exterior air barrier is controlling infiltration of air and moisture.

Attic Ventilation Soffit Vent

• Soffit vents are needed to allow generous air flow to all the rafter spaces while keeping insects out.

Attic Ventilation Ridge Vent

• Ridge vents are needed to release air from the attic that enter through the soffit vents.

Attic VentilationGable Vent

• Gable vents are used to discharge air that enters through the soffit vents.

Attic VentilationRoof Turbine

• A roof turbine is used to exhaust hot air from your attic.

Backhoe

• A backhoe is an excavator whose bucket is rigidly attached to a hinged pole on the boom and is drawn backward to the machine when in operation. It is commonly used for digging and moving dirt.

Bucket Width: 24”

Batter Boards

• Batter boards are a temporary structure built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.

• These batter

boards are taller to allow for a full basement.

Brick Arches

Segmental

Roman

Jack

Jack Arch with a Keystone

Brick Bonds

• Running Bond or Stretcher Bond

• A pattern made using only stretchers, with the joins in each row (or course) centered on the bricks in the row below.

• Flemish Stretcher Bond

• Like running bond, but with single rows of flemish bond (alternating headers and stretchers) every n rows. In this pattern, the flemish pattern is shown in every 6th row.

Brick Bonds

Header Rowlocks Headers

Brick Bonds

SaliorsSoldiers

Brick Sizes

Roman Brick: 3 ½” x 1 5/8 ” x 11 ½”

Modular Brick: 3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 7 ½”

Bulldozer

• A bulldozer is a crawler equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade), used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during construction work.

• This D9R Caterpillar is also equipped with a ripper on the back for crushing rock.

CladdingBrick Clad Structure EIFS Clad Structure

Cladding• This is a stone clad structure using coursed ashlar stone pattern.

•This is a wood clad structure.

Cladding

• A wood shingle is not tapered, while a wood shake is tapered.

Shake

Shingle

Code Requirements

• 30”w x 30”h • 18” AFF• 6.25 sq.ft.= Area• This window meets code because

the width, height, and area exceed the IBC minimum.

• IBC Requirements:20” min width; 24” min height; and 5.7 sq.ft min.

• 9.75” Tread

• 7.25” Riser

• Does not meet code because the IBC requires a min. tread of 11”, and a max. riser of 7.75”.

Concrete JointsControl Joint

• Control joints are a partially-formed contraction joint that aims to ensure that when the concrete does crack, it cracks in a predictable manner at a precise location.

Concrete Joints Isolation Joint

• An isolation joint is a joint in the concrete which separates a column, wall, etc. from the rest of the concrete slab.

Concrete Masonry Unit

• Photos illustrating that 1 CMU= 3 brick courses

1

2

3

Concrete Masonry Unit

• A concrete masonry unit is a large concrete rectangular brick used in construction.

• The most common size is 8”x8”x16”.

8”x8”x16” 12”x8”x16”

Decorative Concrete Masonry Unit

RibbedSplit-Face Block

Split Block

DoorsExterior Flush Door

DoorsExterior Panel Door

Top Rail

Stile

Panel

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Doors

• A transom is a small window directly above a door.

• A sidelight is a tall, narrow window alongside a door.

Electrical Components

• A transformer is an electrical device that changes the voltage of alternating current.

Transformer

Electrical Components

• The function of an electric meter is to measure the amount of electric power used during a period of time.

• The function of a service head is to conduct electricity from outdoor lines to the meter base.

Service Head

Electric Meter

Electrical Components• A service panel is an auxiliary

breaker or fuse box separate from the main electrical service entrance. Its purpose is to tie all the electrical circuits of building into the main power line and allow each individual circuit to be protected by fuses or breakers to avoid overloading.

Duplex Receptacle A duplex receptacle serves as a place where an appliance can be connected to an electric circuit. It allows for two appliances to be plugged in at once.

Framing Elements

Step #1: Anchor Bolt

Step #2: Sill Plate

Framing Elements

Step #3: Floor Joist Step #4: Sub Floor

Floor Joist

Sub Floor

Sub Floor

Framing Elements

Step #5: Sole Plate

Step #6: Stud

Sole Plate

Stud

Framing Elements

Step #7: Top Plate

Top Plate

Step #8: Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements

Step #9: Rafter

Rafter

Step #10: Roof Decking

Framing Elements

Step #11: OSB Sheathing

Sheathing (from inside house)

Stringer

Step #12: Stringer

Front End Loader• A front end loader is a

type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that has a front mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground. A loader is commonly used to move a stockpiled material from ground level and deposit it into an awaiting dump truck or into a open trench excavation.

Gypsum Board

• Gypsum board is an interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall or plasterboard.

Heat Pump

Compressor/Condenser

Air Handling Unit

• The compressor fan moves outdoor air across coils containing refrigerant to change the temperature of the refrigerant. The heat pump can work in reverse to cool during warm, summer months.

• One advantage of a heat pump is it has the ability to both heat and cool.

• Some disadvantages of a heat pump include: they are relatively noisy; and the ducts are bulky.

• The air handling unit is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system.

Insulation

The purpose of insulation is to maintain a temperature. Insulation keeps a house cool in

the summer and warm in the winter.

Blanket

Loose Fill

InsulationFoamed Rigid Board

Lintel

Lintel is a beam or steel angle that carries the load of wall across a window or a door opening.

Steel Lintel

Steel Lintel

Mortar Joint #1

Concave mortar joint

Mortar joint #1 is a concave mortar joint and is tooled. The size of the joint is 3/8” and is located on an Auburn University academic building. The mortar type is S or N type.

Mortar #2

Mortar Joint #2 is a vee mortar joint and is tooled. The size of the joint is 3/8” and is located on an Auburn University academic building. The mortar type is S or N type. Vee mortar joint

Oriented Strand Board

• Oriented strand board (OSB) is a building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure. OSB is a non-veneered panel product.

4’x8’ OSB

PlumbingDrop In Kitchen Sink

PlumbingManufactured Tub

PlumbingRoof Vent

The roof vent is maintaining a system of plumbing drains and wastelines at atmospheric pressure by connecting them to the outdoor air.

Plumbing

• Lavatory • Lavatories are drained by

using 1 ½” pipe.

Plumbing

•Water closet

•Water closets are drained using a 3” pipe.

Plywood• Plywood is a structural

material made of layers of wood glued together, usually with the grains of adjoining layers at right angles to each other. Plywood is a type of engineered board made from thin sheets of wood, called plies or wood veneers. The layers are glued together, each with its grain at right angles to adjacent layers for greater strength. There are usually an odd number of plies, as the symmetry makes the board less prone to warping, and the grain on the outside surfaces runs in the same direction. The plies are bonded under heat and pressure with strong adhesives, usually phenol formaldehyde resin, making plywood a type of composite material. Veneer is a thin layer, sheet, or facing.

Radiant Barrier

• A radiant barrier is a reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy.

Radiant Barrier

Rebar

This rebar is 0.375” in diameter and is a #3 rebar. The deformations of a reinforcing bar help it to bond tightly to concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage

Splash block

Downspout

Gutter

A gutter is a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof.

A downspout is a vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level.

A splash block is a small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

Steep Roof Materials

Underlayment

Underlayment

• Underlayment is a layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing. Its purpose is to serve as a moisture barrier.

Steep Roof MaterialsClay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials

• A shingle is a small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.

Steep Roof MaterialMetal Panel Roof

Typical materials used for a metal panel roof include: galvanized or aluminized steel.

Steep Roof ShapesGable Gambrel

Hip Mansard

Steep Roof Terms Ridge

Valley

Eave• A ridge is the level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof.

•A valley is a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

•An eave is the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.

Steep Roof Terms

• A rake is the sloping edge of a steep roof.

• A soffit is the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a roof overhang.

• The fascia is the exposed vertical face of an eave.

Rake

Soffit

Fascia

Steep Roof TermsBuilding Without Fascia

A building without a fascia does not have the exposed vertical face of an eave.

Stone

Random Rubble Coursed Rubble

Stone

Coursed Ashlar

Random Ashlar

Random Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

• Vapor retarder is a layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly.

• The vapor retarder is most commonly placed on the warm in winter side.

Waterproofing• Waterproofing

is an impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation.

• This waterproofing technique is fully adhered and limits any kind of leakage.

Waterproofing

Weep Hole• A weep hole is a

small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly.

Welded Wire Fabric

Welded Wire Fabric

The dimension of the grid is 6”x 6”.

Windows

• A sliding window is a single hung window on its side that slides in a track.

Windows

• A casement window is a projected window whose sash rotates outward from the frame.

Windows

• A single hung window is a window that has one or two moving sashes that slide up and down in tracks in the frame of the window.