british imperialism by: bethany aull. old imperialism sixteenth century –new trade routes to the...
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Old ImperialismOld Imperialism• Sixteenth Century
– New Trade Routes to the East– Missions– Resources, riches– Colonies
• Europe lost interest in colonization
• Britain expanded economically in the Victorian Era
Lopsided WorldLopsided World• Industrial Revolution widened the gap between
– Industrializing nations – higher standard of living
• Britain• North America
– Non-industrializing nations• Africa• Asia• Latin America
Market PowerMarket Power• By 1815, India, Canada, Australia, and
other scattered areas belonged to Britain
• Efficiency of production in Britain allowed it to sell goods easily in other countries, eliminating competition
• After the Corn Laws were repealed in 1846, Britain was like a market monopoly until 1914
Age of New Age of New ImperialismImperialism
• 1870 – 1914
• Reasons– Economic– Military/Political– Humanitarian/Religious– Technology– Social Darwinism
Military and Political Military and Political ReasonsReasons
• Need for military bases
• National security
• Source of pride– Rise in nationalism
Humanitarian and Humanitarian and Religious GoalsReligious Goals
• White man’s burden
• Spread of Christianity
• Social Darwinism– Superiority of
Western society
Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism• Charles Darwin’s theory of “survival of the
fittest” applied to humans
• Justification for those higher on the evolutionary ladder to take over the lower
The Suez CanalThe Suez Canal• Britain bought controlling interests in 1875
– Faster connection to the East, especially convenient with Britain’s India
• Protectorate over Egypt in 1882
• Other Western powers got “African fever”
• Britain took the Sudan to ensure its authority in Africa
Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa• Africa unexplored
• Congress of Berlin 1884-85– No single European power could claim Africa– “Scramble for Africa”
• Between 1878 and 1914, continent divided – France – largest colonial empire– Britain – most populated territories
The Cape ColonyThe Cape Colony• Southern Africa
– Valuable mineral resources– Home of original Dutch settlers, the Boers
• In 1859, British sided with the Boer farmers against the native Zulus– Destroyed Zulu empire
The Boer WarThe Boer War• Cecil Rhodes prime minister in 1890
– Wanted to annex the Boer Republic
• War between British and Boers from 1899 to 1902
• Britain finally annexed the two Republics and in 1910 combined its South African colonies into the Union of South Africa
• Government run by white British and Boers
The Dark ContinentThe Dark Continent• Expanding Britain’s empire in Africa
• Khartoum massacre
• Horatio H. Kitchener– Omdurman (1898)– Winston Churchill– Fashoda Crisis
The Brightest JewelThe Brightest Jewel• Britain took control of India in 1763
• India became part of the British Empire in 1858
The Opium WarThe Opium War• Large quantities of opium sold to China
• Chinese government tried to stop the import
• War from 1839 to 1842– Treaty of Nanking – China open to European imperialism
The Open DoorThe Open Door
• Boxer Rebellion in 1899– Crushed in 1901
• United States Open Door policy
Imperialism in the Imperialism in the Middle EastMiddle East
• Britain got involved in– Island of Cyprus– Iran– Iraq– Kuwait– Qatar– Bahrain
• Pipelines in Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf
ConsequencesConsequences• Organization of a global economy
• Areas colonized – cultures stamped out– native industries obliterated– Exploitation of materials and labor disenabled
colonies to industrialize themselves– Conflicts within colonies
• Conflicts among imperialistic nations
The EndThe EndWestern Society Western Society TextbookTextbookhttp://www.srprojects.de/Kl9c_2005/http://www.srprojects.de/Kl9c_2005/
Geschichte%20Website/Images/Geschichte%20Website/Images/Website/BritishImperialism.jpgWebsite/BritishImperialism.jpg
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/kipling.htmlkipling.html
APCliff European HistoryAPCliff European Historyhttp://www.funtrivia.com/askft/http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/
Question37864.htmlQuestion37864.html
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