brief introduction to materials science for the...

Meghan LaffertySeptember 11, 2006

Brief introduction to materials science for the information professional

MY AGENDA

• What is materials science?• General trends in research• Resources in materials science

EARLY MATERIALS SCIENCE

http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=14960

MATERIALS SCIENCE IS…

• Relevant to our lives everyday– Travel

• Airplanes• Cars

– Communication• Cell phones• Laptops

– Home• Silicone kitchen tools• Watches

• And our future– Energy!

MATERIALS SCIENCE IS…

• Highly interdisciplinary– Chemistry– Physics– Electrical and computer engineering– Mechanical engineering– Chemical engineering and materials science

– Orthopedics– Aerospace engineering– Civil engineering

– And more…

A LITTLE HISTORY

http://www.iom3.org/divisions/mpem/contents.htm

PARADIGM OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Committee on Materials Science and Engineering, Solid State Sciences Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, and National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Resource Council. (1989). Materials science and engineering for the 1990s: maintaining competitiveness in the age of materials. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Retrieved September 5, 2006, from http://www.nap.edu/books/0309039282/html/index.html

MAJOR CATEGORIES OF MATERIALS

1. http://www.scrap-metal-recovery.co.uk/customers.php2. http://amweb.free.fr/andart/fr/txt/17_portug.htm3. http://peeron.com/inv/sets/8593-1?showpic=3334. http://www.microphotonics.com/labthickness.html5. http://discount-sporting-goods-superstore.ishoproute.com/1506.html

INCREASE IN STRENGTH TO DENSITY RATIO OF MATERIALS OVER TIME

Committee on Materials Science and Engineering, Solid State Sciences Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, and National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Resource Council. (1989). Materials science and engineering for the 1990s: maintaining competitiveness in the age of materials. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Retrieved September 5, 2006, from http://www.nap.edu/books/0309039282/html/index.html

MAJOR TRENDS

• Biomaterials & biocompatible materials • Energy• Self-assembled materials • Nanomaterials

BIOMATERIALS & BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS

• Drug delivery devices• Replacement parts

– Hearts– Joints

• Regeneration of tissues– Blood– Bone– Skin

ENERGY

• Recognition of problems with fossil fuels– Environmental effects– Dwindling supply and increasing costs

• Two aspects of particular interest– Fuel cells– Solar cells

FUEL CELLS

• Continuously fueled electrochemical devices– Fuel (hydrogen or hydrocarbons) in anode – Oxygen in cathode

• Output – electrical energy• Important to “hydrogen economy”

SOLAR CELLS

• AKA photovoltaics• More environmentally friendly• First generation

– Silicon wafers

• Second generation– Thin film technologies

• Third generation– Hot carriers– Multiple electron-hole pair creation– Thermophotonics– Organic-based photovoltaics

SELF-ASSEMBLED MATERIALS & NANOMATERIALS

• Self-assembled materials– Allows greater control of structure– Of interest for many different kinds of materials

• Nanomaterials– Broad appeal– Numerous applications make use

• Biomaterials– Drug or iron delivery in bloodstream

• Fuel cells– Increasing surface area of catalysts

• Semiconductors

RESOURCES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE

• General– Materials science– Other disciplines

• For specific types of materials– Ceramics– Metals– Nanomaterials– Polymers– Semiconductors

HANDBOOKS AND ENCYCLOPEDIAS

1. http://www.monitor-data.com/books/0849326966.html2. http://maruzen.jp/cgi-bin/mis?Cgifrom=m2-ezy-03&MBN=01598843. http://www.ybp.com/ereference/science_direct/matl_sci_tech.htm

www.matweb.com

INTERNET SOURCES

SEARCH OPTIONS IN MATWEB

NIST MATERIALS RESOURCES

http://www.nist.gov/srd/materials.htm

CENTER FOR INFORMATION & NUMERICAL DATA ANALYSIS &

SYNTHESIS (CINDAS)

• Purdue University• Microelectronics Packaging Materials Database• Thermophysical Properties of Matter Database• Licensed through CSA (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts)

DATABASES

• CSA Materials Research Database with METADEX– Aluminium Industry Abstracts– Ceramic Abstracts/World Ceramics Abstracts– Copper Data Center Database– Corrosion Abstracts– Engineered Materials Abstracts– Materials Business File– METADEX– WELDASEARCH

• Can search separately

OLD FAVORITES

1. http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-103461.html2. http://www.ippbooks.com/store/product.php?productid=178443. http://www.samfundslitteratur.dk/shop/books/publisher.do?action=publisher&id=18567

CORNUCOPIA OF ENGINEERING HANDBOOKS

http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/library/default.jsp

SAMPLE SEARCH IN KNOVEL

EVEN MORE ENGINEERING HANDBOOKS

COMPENDEX

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LITERATURE

• Literature relevant to applications of interest

• Semiconductors – EE literature

• IEEE Xplore– Journals and magazines– Conference proceedings– Standards– Books

RESOURCES FOR SPECIFIC MATERIALS

• Ceramics• Metals• Nanomaterials• Polymers

CERAMICS

http://www.ceramics.nist.gov/webbook/webbook.htm

STRUCTURAL CERAMICS DATABASE

http://www.ceramics.nist.gov/srd/scd/scdquery.htm

METALS: PROPERTY DATA

NANOMATERIALS

POLYMERS: ENCYCLOPEDIAS

1. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0471800503?v=glance2. http://www.book-info.com/isbn/0-471-28824-1.htm?ID=405f71c1fc95beee53aa9a917b83ca14

POLYMERS: PROPERTY DATA

POLYMERS: PROPERTY DATA

Any questions?