branches of judaism

Orthodox Reform Conservative

Characterized by

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Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform Conservative

Characterized by Submission to the law

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform Conservative

Characterized by Submission to the law

Response to change

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform Conservative

Characterized by Submission to the law

Response to change Preservation of the people

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform Conservative

Characterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform Conservative

Characterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform Conservative

Characterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Branches of Judaism

1. There is a continuation in the development of Judaism.

2. The Talmud has no authority for the modern Jew.

3. We seek no Messiah, and we know no homeland but he land of our birth.

1843, group of German Jewish leaders

Orthodox Reform Conservative

Characterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah

God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah

God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah

God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities.

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities.

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.

Similar to reform.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.

Similar to reform.

Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.

Similar to reform.

Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.

Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.

Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.

Similar to reform.

Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.

Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.

Synagogue is basic institution of Jewish life. Somewhere between Orthodox and Reform.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany. Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.

Similar to reform.

Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.

Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.

Synagogue is basic institution of Jewish life. Similar to Reform, but a bit less.

Clothing Conservative dress. Men wear skullcap called yarmulke (Yiddish) or kippah (Hebrew). Men may wear fringes to remind of God’s commandment.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany. Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.

Similar to reform.

Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.

Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.

Synagogue is basic institution of Jewish life. Similar to Reform, but a bit less.

Clothing Conservative dress. Men wear skullcap called yarmulke (Yiddish) or kippah (Hebrew). Men may wear fringes to remind of God’s commandment.

Contemporary dress

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people

History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.

Emerged in late 18th century in Germany. Emerged in 19th century in Germany.

Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.

Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.

Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,

View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.

Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.

Similar to reform.

Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.

Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.

Synagogue is basic institution of Jewish life. Similar to Reform, but a bit less.

Clothing Conservative dress. Men wear skullcap called yarmulke (Yiddish) or kippah (Hebrew). Men may wear fringes to remind of God’s commandment.

Contemporary dress Contemporary dress

Branches of Judaism

Writings

• Hebrew Bible– Torah – Prophets– Writings

Writings

• Hebrew Bible• Mishnah – interpretation of the law in 6

categories– Seeds – laws on agriculture & prayer– Feasts – holy days & the writing of scrolls– Women – laws concerning marriage & other vows– Damages – civil & criminal, as well as prohibitions

of idolatry– Purities – ritual cleanliness & purification

Writings

• Hebrew Bible• Mishnah – interpretation of the law in 6 categories– Seeds – laws on agriculture & prayer– Feasts – holy days & the writing of scrolls– Women – laws concerning marriage & other vows– Damages – civil & criminal, as well as prohibitions of

idolatry– Purities – ritual cleanliness & purification– Holy Things – sacrifices and temple

Mishnah - example

• Law of Moses specifies all yeast to be removed from a house prior to Passover.

• Mishnah asks: – When can we be sure all yeast has been removed? – What about cosmetics that contain yeast?– What if you are not certain?

Mishnah

• Mishnah also called Halakic tradition – “application of laws”

• Gives complex interpretation

Gemara

• Narrative stories illustrating the law• Long, long, long, long

Talmud = Mishna & Gemara

• Typical section – Torah passage– Discussion from Mishnah– Gemara – fine points, split and analyzed

Passover – about removing leaven

• Typical section example– 2-3 verses in the Torah– 5 pages in the Mishnah– 298 pages in the Talmud